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| Research article summary (published 30 Dec 2001): |
The urge to smoke depends on the expectation of smoking.
Full Abstract
AIMS:
An earlier study (Dols et al. 2000) suggested that cue-induced urge to smoke depends on the expectation of smoking. The present study tried to replicate the findings under stringently controlled conditions.
DESIGN:
A 2 (context) x 2 (cues) x 6 (trial) within-subject design. Each smoker entered two different contexts; one context predicted the future occurrence of smoking (i.e. one puff of a cigarette) and one context predicted the non-occurrence of smoking. In each context smokers were exposed to smoking cues (i.e. cigarettes and lighter) or not.
SETTING:
Laboratory at Maastricht University.
PARTICIPANTS:
Thirty-two daily smokers, smoking at least five cigarettes a day for at least 2 years.
MEASUREMENTS:
Participants reported their urge to smoke in each context in the presence and absence of smoking cues using a computerized visual analogue scale (VAS).
FINDINGS:
The results revealed that the urge to smoke was higher in a context in which smoking was expected relative to a context in which it was not expected. As in the previous study the urge-inducing effect of smoking cues was larger in the smoking context than in the non-smoking context. Moreover, smoking cues did not have a significant effect in the non-smoking context.
CONCLUSIONS:
It was shown that smoking cues elicit craving due mainly to a generated expectation of the occurrence of smoking and less due to salience or long history of associative learning. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.
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Author information
Author/s: Dols, M (M); van den Hout, M (M); Kindt, M (M); Willems, B (B);
Affiliation: Department of Medical, Clinical and Experimental Psychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands. M.Dols(-atsign-)dep.unimaas.nl
Journal and publication information
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction (Abingdon, England) (Addiction), published in England. (Language: eng)
Reference: 2002-Jan; vol 97 (issue 1) : pp 87-93
Dates: Created 2002/03/15; Completed 2002/04/09; Revised 2004/11/17;
PMID: 11895274, status: MEDLINE (last retrieval date: 11/6/2008)
Sourced from the National Library of Medicine. Abstract text and other information may be subject to copyright.
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