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| Research article summary (published 27 Feb 2003): |
Microglial activation and cell death induced by the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid: in vitro and in vivo studies.
Full Abstract
Metabolic impairment of neurons has been implicated in several neurological disorders, but it is not at present known whether such metabolic impairment has deleterious effects on microglia, the phagocytic cells of the central nervous system (CNS). In the present study, we examined whether metabolic impairment induced by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), an irreversible inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase, affects the function and viability of microglia in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of HMO6 human microglia cell line with 3-NP induced the elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) and activation of microglia with production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Exposure of HMO6 cells to 3-NP also induced cell death as indicated by nuclear fragmentation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Trolox, an antioxidant agent, was effective in reduction in ROS production and cell death caused by 3-NP. Consistent with in vitro findings, intrastriatal injection of 3-NP in adult rats resulted in an increase in ROS production in microglia in vivo, as evidenced by the oxidation of the reduced MitoTracker probe. ROS production induced by 3-NP was inhibited when trolox was coinjected with 3-NP. Caspase-3 immunoreactivity was demonstrated in OX-42+ microglia in the core and penumbra area of the 3-NP-injected striatum. Apoptotic cell death of microglia was also demonstrated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl- transferase-mediated biotin-dUTP nick end labeling reaction in the 3-NP-induced lesion area. The present results indicate that metabolic impairment in the CNS could involve both activation and cell death of microglia and contribute to pathology in neurodegenerative diseases.Copyright 2003 Elsevier Science (USA)
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Author information
Author/s: Ryu, Jae K (JK); Nagai, Atsushi (A); Kim, Jean (J); Lee, Min C (MC); McLarnon, James G (JG); Kim, Seung U (SU);
Affiliation: Brain Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
Journal and publication information
Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal: Neurobiology of disease (Neurobiol Dis), published in United States. (Language: eng)
Reference: 2003-Mar; vol 12 (issue 2) : pp 121-32
Dates: Created 2003/04/01; Completed 2003/05/30; Revised 2006/11/15;
PMID: 12667467, status: MEDLINE (last retrieval date: 11/6/2008)
Sourced from the National Library of Medicine. Abstract text and other information may be subject to copyright.
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