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| Research article summary (published 30 May 2003): |
Eye movements to smoking-related pictures in smokers: relationship between attentional biases and implicit and explicit measures of stimulus valence.
Full Abstract
AIMS:
To investigate biases in overt orienting of attention to smoking-related cues in cigarette smokers, and to examine the relationship between measures of visual orienting and the affective and motivational valence of smoking cues.
DESIGN:
Smokers and non-smokers took part in a single session in which their attentional and evaluative responses to smoking-related and matched control pictures were recorded.
PARTICIPANTS:
Twenty smokers and 25 non-smokers.
MEASUREMENTS:
Direction and duration of gaze was measured while participants completed a visual probe task. Subjective and cognitive-experimental measures of the motivational and affective valence of the stimuli were recorded.
FINDINGS:
Smokers, but not non-smokers, maintained their gaze for longer on smoking-related pictures than control pictures. They were also faster to detect probes that replaced smoking-related than control pictures, consistent with an attentional bias for smoking-related cues. Furthermore, smokers showed greater preferences for smoking-related than control pictures, compared with non-smokers, on both the subjective (explicit) and cognitive-experimental (implicit) indices of stimulus valence. Within smokers, longer initial fixations of gaze on smoking-related pictures were associated with a bias to rate the smoking pictures more positively, with greater approach tendencies for smoking pictures on the cognitive-experimental task, and with a greater urge to smoke.
CONCLUSIONS:
These results demonstrate that smokers show biased attentional orientating to smoking cues, which is related to craving and the affective and motivational valence of the stimuli.
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Author information
Author/s: Mogg, Karin (K); Bradley, Brendan P (BP); Field, Matt (M); De Houwer, Jan (J);
Affiliation: Centre for the Study of Emotion and Motivation, Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. k.mogg(-atsign-)soton.ac.uk
Journal and publication information
Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal: Addiction (Abingdon, England) (Addiction), published in England. (Language: eng)
Reference: 2003-Jun; vol 98 (issue 6) : pp 825-36
Dates: Created 2003/06/03; Completed 2003/08/14; Revised 2006/11/15;
PMID: 12780371, status: MEDLINE (last retrieval date: 11/6/2008)
Sourced from the National Library of Medicine. Abstract text and other information may be subject to copyright.
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