 |
| Research article summary (published 30 Jan 2003): |
Electromyographic developmental changes in one individual from newborn stepping to mature walking.
Full Abstract
Electromyographic (EMG) recordings of the lower limbs were made from a girl from 3 weeks after birth until 7 years of age to determine EMG changes in the development of human bipedal locomotion. Recordings were taken from the tibialis anterior (TA), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), and gluteus maximus muscles. In each of three developmental stages of gait, primitive walking, supported walking, and independent walking, muscle activity progressed from excessive co-contraction of mutual antagonists to reciprocal patterns. For the stance limb, the predominant reciprocal pattern to emerge was continuous activity of the posteriorly located LG and BF as opposed to the anteriorly located TA and RF. In independent walking this preponderance of maintained activity by the LG and BF in stance phase gradually waned over the first 2 years of walking to focused bursts of activity. The developmental changes observed in this girl appear to have been attributable to changes in posture reflecting increased strength and to improvements in control of balance reflecting neuromaturation.
Learn Faster Today Improve your study skills
Author information
Author/s: Okamoto, Tsutomu (T); Okamoto, Kayoko (K); Andrew, Paul D (PD);
Affiliation: Department of Liberal Arts, Kansai Medical University, Uyama-Higashi-Machi 18-89, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1136, Japan.
Journal and publication information
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal: Gait & posture (Gait Posture), published in Netherlands. (Language: eng)
Reference: 2003-Feb; vol 17 (issue 1) : pp 18-27
Dates: Created 2003/01/21; Completed 2003/06/10; Revised 2004/11/17;
PMID: 12535722, status: MEDLINE (last retrieval date: 11/6/2008)
Sourced from the National Library of Medicine. Abstract text and other information may be subject to copyright.
External Links for this article (including full text providers, if available):
Click Electronic Full-text Provider Links to see options for finding the electronic full text links to this article. Note there may be a subscription or fee required for access to the full text. See our FAQ for information on finding FREE full text articles.
This article may also be located in paper journal collections available in many libraries. Use the Journal and Publication Information above to find the full article.
MeSH headings (categories)
This article was linked to the MESH Headings shown below.
|
Related articles
This article has not been indexed for related articles as yet, however you can still use the live related article search links below.
See a large map of 100+ related articles.