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| Research article summary (published 30 Jan 2003): |
Dynamics of visual feedback in a laboratory simulation of a penalty kick.
Full Abstract
Sport scientists have devoted relatively little attention to soccer penalty kicks, despite their decisive role in important competitions such as the World Cup. Two possible kicker strategies have been described:
ignoring the goalkeeper action (open loop) or trying to react to the goalkeeper action (closed loop). We used a paradigm simulating a penalty kick in the laboratory to investigate the dynamics of the closed-loop strategy in these controlled conditions. The probability of correctly responding to the simulated goalkeeper motion as a function of time available followed a logistic curve. Kickers on average reached perfect performance only if the goalkeeper committed him or herself to one side about 400 ms before ball contact and showed chance performance if the goalkeeper motion occurred less than 150 ms before ball contact. Interestingly, coincidence judgement--another aspect of the laboratory responses--appeared to be affected for a much longer time (> 500 ms) than was needed to correctly determine laterality. The present study is meant as groundwork for experiments in more ecological conditions applicable to kickers and goalkeepers.
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Author information
Author/s: Morya, Edgard (E); Ranvaud, Ronald (R); Pinheiro, Walter Machado (WM);
Affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 1524, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. edmorya(-atsign-)usp.br
Journal and publication information
Publication Type: Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal: Journal of sports sciences (J Sports Sci), published in England. (Language: eng)
Reference: 2003-Feb; vol 21 (issue 2) : pp 87-95
Dates: Created 2003/03/12; Completed 2003/06/27; Revised 2006/11/15;
PMID: 12630788, status: MEDLINE (last retrieval date: 11/6/2008)
Sourced from the National Library of Medicine. Abstract text and other information may be subject to copyright.
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