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| Research article summary (published 30 Aug 2002): |
Differences between children and adults: implications for risk assessment at California EPA.
Full Abstract
The California legislature enacted a law requiring the California Environmental Protection Agency (Cal/EPA) Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) to evaluate whether our risk assessment methodologies are adequately protective of infants and children. In addition both OEHHA and the California Air Resources Board must examine whether the Ambient Air Quality Standards set for criteria air pollutants and the health values developed for air toxics are adequately protective of infants and children. We have initiated a program to look at potential differences in response to toxicants between children and adults. We are evaluating this issue from the perspective of exposure differences as well as toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic differences between children and adults. Data on specific chemicals are rather limited. As a result, we will be pooling information to determine whether there are generic differences between children and adults that may be applicable to risk assessment in general or to risk assessment of specific classes of compounds. This paper discusses the rationale for approaching the issue of determining whether our risk assessment methods are adequate for infants and children and includes a discussion of some of the available information on both qualitative and quantitative differences in response to toxicants between children and adults or immature and mature laboratory animals. We provide examples of differences between children and adults in absorption, metabolism, and excretion of toxicants as well as qualitative differences in toxic response.
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Author information
Author/s: Miller, Mark D (MD); Marty, Melanie A (MA); Arcus, Amy (A); Brown, Joseph (J); Morry, David (D); Sandy, Martha (M);
Affiliation: Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, California 94612, USA. Mmiller@oehha.ca.gov
Journal and publication information
Publication Type: Comparative Study; Journal Article; Review
Journal: International journal of toxicology (Int J Toxicol), published in United States. (Language: eng)
Reference: -2002 Sep-Oct; vol 21 (issue 5) : pp 403-18
Dates: Created 2002/10/24; Completed 2003/04/09; Revised 2006/11/15;
PMID: 12396687, status: MEDLINE (last retrieval date: 11/6/2008)
Sourced from the National Library of Medicine. Abstract text and other information may be subject to copyright.
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