Research article summary (published 30 Aug 2002):

Children's intellectual and emotional-behavioral adjustment at 4 years as a function of cocaine exposure, maternal characteristics, and environmental risk.

Full Abstract

The authors examined 223 children at age 4 years for the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure, exposure to other substances, maternal and environmental risk factors, and neonatal medical problems on IQ, externalizing problems, and internalizing problems. Regression analyses showed that maternal verbal IQ and low environmental risk predicted child IQ. Cocaine exposure negatively predicted children's overall IQ and verbal reasoning scores, but only for boys. Cocaine exposure also predicted poorer short-term memory. Maternal harsh discipline, maternal depressive symptoms, and increased environmental risk predicted externalizing problems. In contrast, only maternal depressive symptoms predicted internalizing problems. These findings indicate that early exposure to substances is largely unrelated to subsequent IQ or adjustment, particularly for girls.

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Author information

Author/s: Bennett, David S (DS); Bendersky, Margaret (M); Lewis, Michael (M);

Affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Drexel University College of Medicine, USA.

Grants: DA07109 (Agency:United States NIDA) ; R01 DA007109-11A1 (Agency:United States NIDA)

Journal and publication information

Publication Type: Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Journal: Developmental psychology (Dev Psychol), published in United States. (Language: eng)

Reference: 2002-Sep; vol 38 (issue 5) : pp 648-58

Dates: Created 2002/09/10; Completed 2003/03/26; Revised 2007/11/14;

PMID: 12220044, status: MEDLINE (last retrieval date: 11/6/2008)

Sourced from the National Library of Medicine. Abstract text and other information may be subject to copyright.

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MeSH headings (categories)

This article was linked to the MESH Headings shown below.

Adolescent Adult Child Child Behavior - drug effects Child, Preschool Cocaine - adverse effects Emotions - drug effects Environmental Exposure Female Forecasting Humans Intelligence - drug effects

Intelligence - drug effects Intelligence Tests Internal-External Control Male Maternal Behavior Maternal Exposure Personality Assessment Predictive Value of Tests Pregnancy Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects Questionnaires Risk Factors

Associated Chemicals: Cocaine (50-36-2)

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