Research article summary:

Building anticipatory postural adjustment during childhood: a kinematic and electromyographic analysis of unloading in children from 4 to 8 years of age.

Abstract Extract:
The present study addressed the question of how do anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) develop during childhood, in the range from 4 to 8 years, during a bimanual load-lifting task. This task required maintaining the stabilisation of the forearm ... (Full abstract text below)

Published 2002Feb in Journal: Exp Brain Res (Language : eng)

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1. Exp Brain Res. 2002 Feb;142(3):354-64

Building anticipatory postural adjustment during childhood: a kinematic and electromyographic analysis of unloading in children from 4 to 8 years of age.

Schmitz C, Martin N, Assaiante C

Laboratoire Développement et Pathologie du Mouvement, CNRS-31, chemin J. Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France.

The present study addressed the question of how do anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) develop during childhood, in the range from 4 to 8 years, during a bimanual load-lifting task. This task required maintaining the stabilisation of the forearm position despite imposed or voluntary unloading of the forearm. Elbow angle and multiple surface EMG were recorded on the child postural forearm supporting a load. During voluntary unloading, the elbow flexion of the postural forearm was calculated as a percentage of the elbow flexion measured during the imposed situation. Improvement of the forearm stabilisation was observed mainly between 4--6 and 7--8 years of age, but the oldest children did not reach the adult level of stabilisation of the postural forearm. Moreover, a clear developmental sequence in the acquisition of APA was reported: first the selection of an efficient EMG pattern underlying the forearm stabilisation, and second the mastering of timing adjustments. In fact, regression of the co-contraction pattern was observed with age, together with selection of the adult-like reciprocal pattern. Mastering of the timing adjustments of the reciprocal pattern, characterised in adults by a well-synchronised co-ordination between onset of the flexor muscle contraction of the manual arm and onset of the flexor muscle inhibition of the postural forearm, progressively improves during development. Moreover, these results suggest that the internal representation of the consequences of unloading on the forearm stabilisation, underlying anticipatory function during a bimanual co-ordination task, slowly build up during childhood.

PMID : 11819044 [PubMed - Indexed for MEDLINE]

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Full Author Information

First Name	LastName	Initials
Christina	Schmitz	C
Nicolas	Martin	N
Christine	Assaiante	C

Affiliation: Laboratoire Développement et Pathologie du Mouvement, CNRS-31, chemin J. Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France.

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