Reversal Learning

1.

Ventromedial frontal cortex mediates affective shifting in humans: evidence from a reversal learning paradigm.

How do the frontal lobes support behavioural flexibility? One key element is the ability to adjust responses when the reinforcement value of stimuli change. In monkeys, this ability--a form of affective shifting known as reversal learning--depends on ...
Lesley K Fellows, Martha J Farah (Brain, 200308)
ventromedial-frontal-cortex-mediates-affective-shifting-humans.asp

2.

Functional anatomy and differential time courses of neural processing for explicit, inferred, and illusory contours. An event-related fMRI study.

The perception of shape does not necessarily require viewing an explicit outline figure. Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging we examined the time courses of neural activations provoked by shapes defined by (1) lines, (2) illusory ...
Afra Ritzl, John C Marshall, Peter H Weiss, Oliver Zafiris, Nadim J Shah, Karl Zilles, Gereon R Fink (Neuroimage, 200308)
functional-anatomy-differential-time-courses-neural-processing.asp

3.

Spatial reversal as a measure of executive functioning in children with autism.

The purpose of this experiment was to compare the executive functioning performance of children with autism with chronological- and verbal-matched controls in a spatial-reversal task. Three groups of children participated in this experiment. One group ...
Jeffrey T Coldren, Cara Halloran (J Genet Psychol, 200303)
spatial-reversal-measure-executive-functioning-children-autism.asp

4.

Backward inhibition as a means of sequential task-set control: evidence for reduction of task competition.

Endogenously initiated transitions between tasks are associated with inhibition of the attentional set for the task preceding the transition, as demonstrated by slowed reactions to a task most recently switched away from (U. Mayr & S. W. Keele, 2000). ...
Mike Hübner, Gesine Dreisbach, Hilde Haider, Rainer H Kluwe (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn, 200303)
backward-inhibition-means-sequential-task-set-control-evidence.asp

5.

Comparison between the lambda response of eye-fixation-related potentials and the P100 component of pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials.

The purpose of this study was to compare the lambda response of eye-fixation-related potentials (EFRPs) with the P100 component of pattern-reversal visual-evoked potentials. EFRPs were obtained by averaging EEGs time-locked to the offset of the saccade. ...
Koji Kazai, Akihiro Yagi (Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci, 200303)
comparison-lambda-response-eye-fixation-related-potentials-p-.asp

6.

Visuomotor transformations affect bimanual coupling.

Interactions between bimanual movements may occur at two different levels: at a visually based level, where movement trajectories are programmed within the visually perceived external space, and at the executional level, through crosstalk of sensorimotor ...
Cornelia Weigelt, Simone Cardoso de Oliveira (Exp Brain Res, 200302)
visuomotor-transformations-affect-bimanual-coupling.asp

7.

Inhibitory control following perinatal brain injury.

Evidence from developmental, lesion, and neuroimaging studies indicates that the prefrontal cortex plays a major role in executive abilities, including inhibitory control. Proficient executive performance, however, relies not only on the integrity of the ...
Shawn E Christ, Desirée A White, Janice E Brunstrom, Richard A Abrams (Neuropsychology, 200301)
inhibitory-control-following-perinatal-brain-injury.asp

8.

The importance of hippocampus-dependent non-spatial tasks in analyses of homology and homoplasy.

The hippocampus or a homologous region plays a role in spatial tasks in a large number of vertebrate species. This result, in combination with recent findings of adaptive specializations of the hippocampus for spatial demands, has led to the conclusion ...
Lainy B Day (Brain Behav Evol, 2003)
importance-hippocampus-dependent-non-spatial-tasks-analyses-homology.asp

9.

Orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder revealed by reversal and extinction tasks.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been considered a mental illness in which the frontal lobe is dysfunctional. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) controls emotional and motivational behaviors which are impaired in ADHD. Patients with OFC ...
Shouichi Itami, Hiroyuki Uno (Neuroreport, 200212)
orbitofrontal-cortex-dysfunction-attention-deficit-hyperactivity.asp

10.

Functional equivalence of WAIS-III/WMS-III digit and spatial span under forward and backward recall conditions.

The purpose of the current study was to examine the performance characteristics of the Wechsler Spatial Span subtest in a mixed clinical sample. Contrary to expectation, differential patterns of performance were obtained on the Digit and Spatial Span ...
Nancy Wilde, Esther Strauss (Clin Neuropsychol, 200208)
functional-equivalence-wais-iii-wms-iii-digit-spatial-span-under.asp