Reinforcement (Psychology)

81.

The improved name game: better use of expanding retrieval practice.

Morris and Fritz (2000) demonstrated the effectiveness of the name game as a retrieval-practice based technique for learning the names of group members. We hypothesised that a reversed version of the name game would be even more effective. Performance ...
Peter E Morris, Catherine O Fritz (Memory, 200207)
improved-name-game-better-expanding-retrieval-practice.asp

82.

A neural basis for social cooperation.

Cooperation based on reciprocal altruism has evolved in only a small number of species, yet it constitutes the core behavioral principle of human social life. The iterated Prisoners Dilemma Game has been used to model this form of cooperation. We used ...
James Rilling, David Gutman, Thorsten Zeh, Giuseppe Pagnoni, Gregory Berns, Clinton Kilts (Neuron, 200207)
neural-basis-social-cooperation.asp

83.

A functional analysis of finger sucking in children.

In this investigation, the authors experimentally assessed the functions of finger sucking for 3 typically developing children ages 6, 7, and 14. In Experiment 1, a parent-conducted functional analysis, completed in each childs natural environment, ...
Jason M Stricker, Raymond G Miltenberger, Christopher F Anderson, Heather E Tulloch, Cristine M Deaver (Behav Modif, 200207)
functional-analysis-finger-sucking-children.asp

84.

Control of exploitation-exploration meta-parameter in reinforcement learning.

In reinforcement learning (RL), the duality between exploitation and exploration has long been an important issue. This paper presents a new method that controls the balance between exploitation and exploration. Our learning scheme is based on ...
Shin Ishii, Wako Yoshida, Junichiro Yoshimoto (Neural Netw, 200206-07)
control-exploitation-exploration-meta-parameter-reinforcement-learning.asp

85.

Negative affect combines with smoking outcome expectancies to predict smoking behavior over time.

The present study examined whether the tendency to experience negative affective states combines with smoking outcome expectancies to predict smoking behavior over time. Participants were 121 young adults and resource people recruited from 3 alcohol and ...
Lee M Cohen, Denis M McCarthy, Sandra A Brown, Mark G Myers (Psychol Addict Behav, 200206)
negative-affect-combines-smoking-outcome-expectancies-predict-smoking.asp

86.

Advancing the expectancy concept via the interplay between theory and research.

Four papers from a 2001 Research Society on Alcoholism symposium on expectancy theory and research are summarized. The symposium contributors describe recent advances in expectancy theory and discuss their implications for assessment and for ...
Frances K Del Boca, Jack Darkes, Mark S Goldman, Gregory T Smith (Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 200206)
advancing-expectancy-concept-via-interplay-theory-research.asp

87.

Understanding social influence in medical education.

Many aspects of the medical education system lead trainees to a host of maladaptive reactions and behaviors, but far too little attention has been focused on the impact that interactions between teacher and learner can have on the development of ...
Michael Wilkes, Bertram H Raven (Acad Med, 200206)
understanding-social-influence-medical-education.asp

88.

Teaching and learning: an update for the orthodontist.

Developments in teaching and learning have implications for every orthodontist. This paper describes some of the theories of teaching and learning that have led to a quiet revolution in higher education. Developments have included the incorporation of ...
S M Chadwick, D R Bearn (J Orthod, 200206)
teaching-learning-update-orthodontist.asp

89.

Multiple model-based reinforcement learning.

We propose a modular reinforcement learning architecture for nonlinear, nonstationary control tasks, which we call multiple model-based reinforcement learning (MMRL). The basic idea is to decompose a complex task into multiple domains in space and time ...
Kenji Doya, Kazuyuki Samejima, Ken-ichi Katagiri, Mitsuo Kawato (Neural Comput, 200206)
multiple-model-based-reinforcement-learning.asp

90.

Multiple levels of visual object constancy revealed by event-related fMRI of repetition priming.

We conducted two event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments to investigate the neural substrates of visual object recognition in humans. We used a repetition-priming method with visual stimuli recurring at unpredictable ...
P Vuilleumier, R N Henson, J Driver, R J Dolan (Nat Neurosci, 200205)
multiple-levels-visual-object-constancy-revealed-event-related-fmri.asp