Reinforcement (Psychology)

21.

Reinstatement maintains a memory in human infants for 1(1/2) years.

This study tested the proposition of Campbell and Jaynes (1966) that reinstatement is the mechanism by which early memories are maintained over a significant period of development. In four progressive replications, 6-month-old human infants learned to ...
Kristin Hartshorn (Dev Psychobiol, 200304)
reinstatement-maintains-memory-human-infants--years.asp

22.

Does infant memory expression reflect age at encoding or age at retrieval?

Do human infants express a memory acquired earlier in ontogeny in a manner appropriate to their age at encoding or their age at the time of retrieval? To answer this, we exploited the fact that retention is highly context dependent at 6 months but not at ...
Kristin Hartshorn, Carolyn Rovee-Collier (Dev Psychobiol, 200304)
infant-memory-expression-reflect-age-encoding-or-age-retrieval.asp

23.

Modifying behavioral variability in moderately depressed students.

This study asked whether response sequences generated by moderately depressed students are more repetitive than those generated by nondepressed students and whether sequence variability can be increased in those identified as depressed. Seventy-five ...
Jennifer Hopkinson, Allen Neuringer (Behav Modif, 200304)
modifying-behavioral-variability-moderately-depressed-students.asp

24.

Underlying processes in the poor response inhibition of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

This study evaluated the effects of reward, punishment, and reward + punishment on the impulsive responses of ADHD children. The impulsive responses of ADHD and normal control boys (30 per group) were compared during performance of a go/no-go task, ...
R Gomez (J Atten Disord, 200304)
underlying-processes-poor-response-inhibition-children-attention.asp

25.

Evolutionary mismatch, neural reward circuits, and pathological gambling.

Evolutionary mismatch theory has been applied to disorders of self-regulation such as maladaptive eating patterns and drug abuse. Modern gambling represents a refinement of the elements of risk and chance, which draw upon the faculties of judgment and ...
Marcello Spinella (Int J Neurosci, 200304)
evolutionary-mismatch-neural-reward-circuits-pathological-gambling.asp

26.

Dorsal striatum responses to reward and punishment: effects of valence and magnitude manipulations.

The goal of this research was to further our understanding of how the striatum responds to the delivery of affective feedback. Previously, we had found that the striatum showed a pattern of sustained activation after presentation of a monetary reward, in ...
M R Delgado, H M Locke, V A Stenger, J A Fiez (Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci, 200303)
dorsal-striatum-responses-reward-punishment-effects-valence-magnitude.asp

27.

The behavioral economics of cigarette smoking: The concurrent presence of a substitute and an independent reinforcer.

The present study examined the consumption of cigarettes and two alternative reinforcers in dependent smokers. Cigarette price (response requirement) increased across sessions while alternatives were available at a fixed price in four phases of ...
M W Johnson, W K Bickel (Behav Pharmacol, 200303)
behavioral-economics-cigarette-smoking-concurrent-presence-substitute.asp

28.

Similarity and discrimination in human Pavlovian conditioning.

We report three Pavlovian eyelid conditioning experiments with humans, designed to experimentally decide between elemental and configural learning theories. We used two different designs originally proposed by Redhead and Pearce (1995). In Experiments 1 ...
Annette Kinder, Harald Lachnit (Psychophysiology, 200303)
similarity-discrimination-human-pavlovian-conditioning.asp

29.

Physical activity and sedentary behavior: a population-based study of barriers, enjoyment, and preference.

The associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with barriers, enjoyment, and preferences were examined in a population-based mail survey of 1,332 adults. Respondents reporting high enjoyment and preference for physical activity were more ...
Jo Salmon, Neville Owen, David Crawford, Adrian Bauman, James F Sallis (Health Psychol, 200303)
physical-activity-sedentary-behavior-population-based-study-barriers.asp

30.

Effects of deprivation on hedonics and reinforcing value of food.

Eating is influenced by both the hedonic preferences and reinforcing value of food. Incentive salience theory predicts these are separate influences. This study tested whether hedonics reliably change as a function of increasing the reinforcing value of ...
Leonard H Epstein, Robin Truesdale, Angela Wojcik, Rocco A Paluch, Hollie A Raynor (Physiol Behav, 200302)
effects-deprivation-hedonics-reinforcing-value-food.asp