Reinforcement (Psychology)

11.

Ventromedial frontal cortex mediates affective shifting in humans: evidence from a reversal learning paradigm.

How do the frontal lobes support behavioural flexibility? One key element is the ability to adjust responses when the reinforcement value of stimuli change. In monkeys, this ability--a form of affective shifting known as reversal learning--depends on ...
Lesley K Fellows, Martha J Farah (Brain, 200308)
ventromedial-frontal-cortex-mediates-affective-shifting-humans.asp

12.

Paediatric dentistry in the new millennium: 2. Behaviour management--helping children to accept dentistry.

Childrens dentistry can be a challenge for both the patient and the dentist. The way a dentist interacts with the child patient will have a major influence on the success of any clinical or preventive care. In order to deliver high-quality dentistry to a ...
Stephen A Fayle, Jinous F Tahmassebi (Dent Update, 200307-08)
paediatric-dentistry-new-millennium--behaviour-management-helping.asp

13.

Rethinking temporal contiguity and the judgement of causality: effects of prior knowledge, experience, and reinforcement procedure.

Time plays a pivotal role in causal inference. Nonetheless most contemporary theories of causal induction do not address the implications of temporal contiguity and delay, with the exception of associative learning theory. Shanks, Pearson, and Dickinson ...
Marc J Buehner, Jon May (Q J Exp Psychol A, 200307)
rethinking-temporal-contiguity-judgement-causality-effects-prior.asp

14.

Expectancy influences the operation of personality on behavior.

The authors investigated the moderating effect of expectancies on personality for 2 different addictive behavior processes: (a) drinking and (b) binge eating and purging characteristic of bulimia nervosa. Study 1 found that positive expectancies for ...
Sarah Fischer, Gregory T Smith, Kristen G Anderson, Kate Flory (Psychol Addict Behav, 200306)
expectancy-influences-operation-personality-behavior.asp

15.

Researching the pathophysiology of pediatric bipolar disorder.

We suggest that the core feature of bipolar disorder (BPD) is marked state fluctuations. The pathophysiology of switches into depressed, irritable, and extreme positive valence states requires study, with the latter deserving particular focus because it ...
Ellen Leibenluft, Dennis S Charney, Daniel S Pine (Biol Psychiatry, 200306)
researching-pathophysiology-pediatric-bipolar-disorder.asp

16.

The effect of music-reinforced nonnutritive sucking on feeding rate of premature infants.

Premature infants are fed by gavage tube before 34 weeks adjusted gestational age and when nipple feeding results in detrimental changes in respiration and heart rate. Nipple feeding skill must be developed and correlates with length of hospitalization ...
Jayne M Standley (J Pediatr Nurs, 200306)
effect-music-reinforced-nonnutritive-sucking-feeding-rate-premature.asp

17.

Visual reinforcement audiometry using digital video disc and conventional reinforcers.

Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) is a test procedure routinely used to evaluate hearing in infants and young children (6 months to 2 years). Most research and current clinical practice uses flashing lights and/or animated toys to provide ...
Milton J Schmida, Harry J Peterson, Anne Marie Tharpe (Am J Audiol, 200306)
visual-reinforcement-audiometry-digital-video-disc-conventional.asp

18.

Motivation: your key IC ingredient.

Positive reinforcement and a sense of self-motivation are important factors in helping your staff follow an infection control ...
Shelley Cohen (Nurs Manage, 200306)
motivation-your-key-ic-ingredient.asp

19.

Error monitoring using external feedback: specific roles of the habenular complex, the reward system, and the cingulate motor area revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging.

The dopaminergic system has been shown to be involved in the processing of rewarding stimuli, specifically of errors in reward prediction, in animal studies as well as in recent neuroimaging studies in humans. Furthermore, a specific role of dopamine in ...
Markus Ullsperger, D Yves von Cramon (J Neurosci, 200305)
error-monitoring-external-feedback-specific-roles-habenular-complex.asp

20.

Cognitive behaviour therapy for eating disorders: a "transdiagnostic" theory and treatment.

This paper is concerned with the psychopathological processes that account for the persistence of severe eating disorders. Two separate but interrelated lines of argument are developed. One is that the leading evidence-based theory of the maintenance of ...
Christopher G Fairburn, Zafra Cooper, Roz Shafran (Behav Res Ther, 200305)
cognitive-behaviour-therapy-eating-disorders-transdiagnostic-theory.asp