Reaction Time

441.

Estimating efficiency a priori: a comparison of blocked and randomized designs.

This technical note deals with a priori estimation of efficiency of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) designs. The efficiency of an estimator is a measure of how reliable it is and depends on error variance (the variance not modeled by ...
Andrea Mechelli, Cathy J Price, Rik N A Henson, Karl J Friston (Neuroimage, 200303)
estimating-efficiency-priori-comparison-blocked-randomized-designs.asp

442.

Effects of problem format on division and multiplication performance: division facts are mediated via multiplication-based representations.

In 2 experiments participants solved division problems presented in multiplication-based formats (e.g., 8 x _ = 72) more quickly than division problems presented in division-based formats (e.g., 72 / 8 = _). In contrast, participants solved ...
Daniel G Mauro, Jo-Anne LeFevre, Jason Morris (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn, 200303)
effects-problem-format-division-multiplication-performance-division.asp

443.

The relationship of age to prepulse inhibition and habituation of the acoustic startle response.

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response reflects an early stage of information processing that is abnormal in schizophrenia and certain other specific neuropsychiatric disorders that are distinguished by the inability to inhibit redundant or ...
Joel Ellwanger, Mark A Geyer, David L Braff (Biol Psychol, 200303)
relationship-age-prepulse-inhibition-habituation-acoustic-startle.asp

444.

Working-memory capacity and the control of attention: the contributions of goal neglect, response competition, and task set to Stroop interference.

Individual differences in working-memory (WM) capacity predicted performance on the Stroop task in 5 experiments, indicating the importance of executive control and goal maintenance to selective attention. When the Stroop task encouraged goal neglect by ...
Michael J Kane, Randall W Engle (J Exp Psychol Gen, 200303)
working-memory-capacity-control-attention-contributions-goal-neglect.asp

445.

Impairments in perceptual competency and maintenance on a visual delayed match-to-sample test in first-episode schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: Deficits in working memory (WM) have been reported in patients with schizophrenia, but WM is a complex construct dependent on several subprocesses, including input representation (perceptual competency) and holding stimuli on-line ...
Todd Lencz, Robert M Bilder, Elihu Turkel, Robert S Goldman, Delbert Robinson, John M Kane, Jeffrey A Lieberman (Arch Gen Psychiatry, 200303)
impairments-perceptual-competency-maintenance-visual-delayed-match.asp

446.

The complexities of complex span: explaining individual differences in working memory in children and adults.

Two studies are presented that investigated the constraints underlying working memory performance in children and adults. In each case, independent measures of processing efficiency and storage capacity are assessed to determine their relative importance ...
Donna M Bayliss, Christopher Jarrold, Deborah M Gunn, Alan D Baddeley (J Exp Psychol Gen, 200303)
complexities-complex-span-explaining-individual-differences-working.asp

447.

Implicit, long-term spatial contextual memory.

Learning and memory of novel spatial configurations aids behaviors such as visual search through an implicit process called contextual cuing (M. M. Chun & Y. Jiang, 1998). The present study provides rigorous tests of the implicit nature ofcontextual ...
Marvin M Chun, Yuhong Jiang (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn, 200303)
implicit-long-term-spatial-contextual-memory.asp

448.

Simple-cell-like receptive fields maximize temporal coherence in natural video.

Recently, statistical models of natural images have shown the emergence of several properties of the visual cortex. Most models have considered the nongaussian properties of static image patches, leading to sparse coding or independent component ...
Jarmo Hurri, Aapo Hyvärinen (Neural Comput, 200303)
simple-cell-like-receptive-fields-maximize-temporal-coherence-natural.asp

449.

The Madrid card sorting test (MCST): a task switching paradigm to study executive attention with event-related potentials.

Event-related potentials (ERPs) provide valuable information about the fast brain dynamics subserving cognitive functions such as attention and working memory. Most ERP studies employ cognitive paradigms with a fixed task-set (i.e., press a button to ...
Francisco Barceló (Brain Res Brain Res Protoc, 200303)
madrid-card-sorting-test-mcst-task-switching-paradigm-study.asp

450.

Preoccupation, food, and failure: an investigation of cognitive performance deficits in dieters.

OBJECTIVE: This study tested two explanations of the cognitive performance deficits of dieters. First, these deficits are due to the metabolic consequences of food deprivation. Second, they are psychological in origin (i.e., preoccupation with ...
Nicola Jones, Peter J Rogers (Int J Eat Disord, 200303)
preoccupation-food-failure-investigation-cognitive-performance.asp