Problem Solving

481.

Sequence effects in categorization of simple perceptual stimuli.

Categorization research typically assumes that the cognitive system has access to a (more or less noisy) representation of the absolute magnitudes of the properties of stimuli and that this information is used in reaching a categorization decision. ...
Neil Stewart, Gordon D A Brown, Nick Chater (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn, 200201)
sequence-effects-categorization-simple-perceptual-stimuli.asp

482.

Processing of logically valid and logically invalid conditional inferences in discourse comprehension.

Two competing theories of processing of conditionals (if-then) were tested. Syntactic theories posit that people only draw inferences conforming to the logically valid modus ponens (MP) schema. Mental models theories predict that people draw MP and ...
Aaron W Rader, Vladimir M Sloutsky (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn, 200201)
processing-logically-valid-logically-invalid-conditional-inferences.asp

483.

The influence of sharing on childrens initial concept of division.

We report three studies that investigate young childrens ability to solve partitive division problems when presented with a concrete model of a problem. In the studies, 5- to 8-year-olds were given problems about sharing "sweets" between dolls, and the ...
Sarah Squire, Peter Bryant (J Exp Child Psychol, 200201)
influence-sharing-children-s-initial-concept-division.asp

484.

Effect of theory-based feature correlations on typicality judgments.

In the present study, we examine what types of feature correlations are salient in our conceptual representations. It was hypothesized that of all possible feature pairs, those that are explicitly recognized as correlated (i.e., explicit pairs) and ...
Woo-Kyoung Ahn, Jessecae K Marsh, Christian C Luhmann, Kevin Lee (Mem Cognit, 200201)
effect-theory-based-feature-correlations-typicality-judgments.asp

485.

Generating alternatives: a key component in human reasoning?

According to mental models theory, a key aspect of deductive reasoning is the production of alternative models that can falsify provisional conclusions. In the present paper, the possibility is investigated that there are individual differences in the ...
Stephen E Newstead, Valerie A Thompson, Simon J Handley (Mem Cognit, 200201)
generating-alternatives-key-component-human-reasoning.asp

486.

Relative informativeness of quantifiers used in syllogistic reasoning.

Three experiments tested a possible resolution of the probability heuristics model (PHM) of syllogistic reasoning proposed by Chater and Oaksford (1999), with their experimental results apparently showing that the generalized quantifier few was not as ...
Mike Oaksford, Lisa Roberts, Nick Chater (Mem Cognit, 200201)
relative-informativeness-quantifiers-syllogistic-reasoning.asp

487.

Forward blocking depends on retrospective inferences about the presence of the blocked cue during the elemental phase.

When a compound cue AT is followed by an outcome (AT+), human participants will judge the relation between cue T and the outcome to be less strong if A alone was previously paired with the outcome (A+). According to the probabilistic contrast model, such ...
Houwer Jan De (Mem Cognit, 200201)
forward-blocking-depends-retrospective-inferences-presence-blocked.asp

488.

Surviving a merger: how four hospital libraries created a unified system.

Librarians are acknowledged as leaders in providing information and knowledge management. They recognize the importance of maintaining an awareness of the most cutting-edge information and technology to meet the challenges of new business practices and ...
Patricia B Regenberg, Mary K Joyce, Kathleen Moeller, Juliette Ratner (J Med Libr Assoc, 200201)
surviving-merger-four-hospital-libraries-created-unified-system.asp

489.

Executive/attentional cognitive functions in schizophrenic patients and their parents: a preliminary study.

The aim of this study was to determine whether executive/attentional cognitive performances could be considered as markers of vulnerability to schizophrenia.The Stroop Color Word and fluency tests were significantly impaired in schizophrenic patients and ...
Sonia Dollfus, Cyril Lombardo, Karim Bénali, Isabelle Halbecq, Pascale Abadie, Rose Marie Marié, Perrine Brazo (Schizophr Res, 200201)
executive-attentional-cognitive-functions-schizophrenic-patients.asp

490.

A process for improving flash sterilization.

In reviewing OR policies and procedures for flash sterilization, staff members at Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas discovered that their process of biological monitoring and flash sterilization needed improvement, and they implemented changes to correct ...
Karen A Huggins, Robert Mood, Fran Koch (AORN J, 200201)
process-improving-flash-sterilization.asp