Problem Solving

471.

Analogical problem solving: a hierarchical analysis of procedural similarity.

Similarity between source analogues and target problems is a central theme in the research on analogical transfer. Much of the theorizing and research has focused on the effects of superficial and structural similarity on transfer. The present research ...
Zhe Chen (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn, 200201)
analogical-problem-solving-hierarchical-analysis-procedural-similarity.asp

472.

Relationship satisfaction and conflict over minor and major issues in romantic relationships.

In this study the question of whether conflicts over minor issues and over major issues were equally strongly related to satisfaction in romantic relationships was examined. Sixty-four women and 29 men completed the Hendrick (1988) Relationship ...
Duncan Cramer (J Psychol, 200201)
relationship-satisfaction-conflict-over-minor-major-issues-romantic.asp

473.

Epistemological beliefs and thinking about everyday controversial issues.

The authors investigated the relationship between individuals beliefs about the nature of knowledge and the nature of learning (epistemological beliefs) and their thinking about everyday controversial issues. Adults (N = 174) ranging in age from 17 to 71 ...
Marlene Schommer-Aikins, Rosetta Hutter (J Psychol, 200201)
epistemological-beliefs-thinking-everyday-controversial-issues.asp

474.

Reductionism in the comments and autobiographical accounts of prominent psychologists.

Many of the researchers in the field of psychological science use strategies and methods in which human actions and experiences are reduced to behavioral contingencies, statistical regularities, neurophysiological states and processes, and computational ...
Jack Martin, Darek Dawda (J Psychol, 200201)
reductionism-comments-autobiographical-accounts-prominent.asp

475.

Schooling and traditional collaborative social organization of problem solving by Mayan mothers and children.

Traditional indigenous social organization in the Americas has been characterized as involving horizontal multiparty engagements, in contrast with schooling, which often relies on hierarchy and division of labor. This study examined whether the social ...
Pablo Chavajay, Barbara Rogoff (Dev Psychol, 200201)
schooling-traditional-collaborative-social-organization-problem.asp

476.

Conditionals and directionality: on the meaning of if vs. only if.

The aim of this study was to test the predictions of the current theories of reasoning about the comprehension of conditional statements. We used two types of conditional statement that are logically equivalent: if p then q and p only if q. The model ...
Carlos Santamaría, Orlando Espino (Q J Exp Psychol A, 200201)
conditionals-directionality-meaning-vs-only-if.asp

477.

Goal specificity effects on hypothesis testing in problem solving.

Previous research has found that having a nonspecific goal (NSG) leads to better problem solving and transfer than having a specific goal (SG). To distinguish between the various explanations of this effect requires direct evidence showing how a NSG ...
Bruce D Burns, Regina Vollmeyer (Q J Exp Psychol A, 200201)
goal-specificity-effects-hypothesis-testing-problem-solving.asp

478.

Citizens advice in primary care for families with young children.

BACKGROUND: Citizens advice can help clients avoid the worst consequences of poverty and hence has the potential to reduce inequalities in health. Previous studies of providing citizens advice from primary care have concentrated largely on older clients. ...
R Reading, S Steel, S Reynolds (Child Care Health Dev, 200201)
citizens-advice-primary-care-families-young-children.asp

479.

Predicting functional performance by patients with Alzheimers disease using the Problems in Everyday Living (PEDL) Test: a preliminary study.

Findings from a recent population-based survey indicate that about 33% of patients with dementia reside alone. Because many of these patients may not have a caregiver who visits them regularly, the need for a neuropsychological (NP) test to predict ...
George S Leckey, William W Beatty (J Int Neuropsychol Soc, 200201)
predicting-functional-performance-patients-alzheimer-s-disease.asp

480.

Diverse knowledges and competing interests: an essay on socio-technical problem-solving.

Solving complex socio-technical problems, this paper claims, involves diverse knowledges (cognitive diversity), competing interests (social diversity), and pragmatism. To explain this view, this paper first explores two different cases: Canadian pulp and ...
Vincent di Norcia (Sci Eng Ethics, 200201)
diverse-knowledges-competing-interests-essay-socio-technical-problem.asp