Problem Solving

421.

Effects of caffeine on performance of low intensity tasks.

31 college age men and women who consume less than three caffeinated beverages per week agreed to participate as subjects in research on the effects of acute caffeine intake on low intensity task performance. All subjects performed two randomly ...
William H Scott, Karen M Coyne, Monique M Johnson, Christopher G Lausted, Manjit Sahota, Arthur T Johnson (Percept Mot Skills, 200204)
effects-caffeine-performance-low-intensity-tasks.asp

422.

Influence of age and executive functioning on verbal memory of inpatients with depression.

BACKGROUND: Despite many studies demonstrating memory and executive impairments in young and old depressed patients, the relationships between age, executive functioning and memory have not been evaluated in depression. The aim of this study was to ...
Philippe Fossati, Françoise Coyette, Anne-Marie Ergis, Jean-François Allilaire (J Affect Disord, 200204)
influence-age-executive-functioning-verbal-memory-inpatients.asp

423.

Attention to local form information can prevent access to semantic information.

Humphreys and Boucart (1997) have shown that when processing of local form is required for response, surrounding global information is automatically processed to a semantic level. The generality of this effect was investigated in two experiments in which ...
Janice E Murray, Craig Jones (Q J Exp Psychol A, 200204)
attention-local-form-information-prevent-access-semantic-information.asp

424.

The neural network basis for abnormalities of attention and executive function in major depressive disorder: implications for application of the medical disease model to psychiatric disorders.

The deficits in attention and executive function characteristic of major depressive disorder (MDD) are reviewed. The networks underlying attention and executive function, the neuropsychological tests commonly used to evaluate these domains, and the ...
William E Ottowitz, Darin D Dougherty, Cary R Savage (Harv Rev Psychiatry, 200203-04)
neural-network-basis-abnormalities-attention-executive-function-major.asp

425.

Generalizing the dynamic field theory of the A-not-B error beyond infancy: three-year-olds delay- and experience-dependent location memory biases.

Thelen and colleagues recently proposed a dynamic field theory (DFT) to capture the general processes that give rise to infants performance in the Piagetian A-not-B task. According to this theory, the same general processes should operate in noncanonical ...
Anne R Schutte, John P Spencer (Child Dev, 200203-04)
generalizing-dynamic-field-theory-not-b-error-beyond-infancy-three.asp

426.

Central executive secondary tasks in object recognition: an analogue of the unusual views deficit in the neurologically normal?

The particular problem of recognition from unusual viewpoints, may well involve a substantial problem-solving component and employ frontal/central executive resources. The present study investigates this question using a dual-task technique. In ...
Barbara A Baragwanath, Oliver H Turnbull (Brain Cogn, 200203-04)
central-executive-secondary-tasks-object-recognition-analogue-unusual.asp

427.

Emergence of graphic symbol functioning and the question of domain specificity: a longitudinal training study.

The impact of social scaffolding on the emergence of graphic symbol functioning was explored in a longitudinal training study. Links among graphic, language, and play domains in symbolic development were also investigated. The symbolic functioning of 16 ...
Tara C Callaghan, Mary P Rankin (Child Dev, 200203-04)
emergence-graphic-symbol-functioning-question-domain-specificity.asp

428.

Perspective in statements of quantity, with implications for consumer psychology.

We demonstrate that presentation of information about quantities, whether expressed in natural language or by using numbers, induces a perspective that influences subsequent processing. Experiment 1 shows this to be true for natural language quantifiers, ...
Anthony J Sanford, Nicolas Fay, Andrew Stewart, Linda Moxey (Psychol Sci, 200203)
perspective-statements-quantity-implications-consumer-psychology.asp

429.

The development of organizational strategies in children: evidence from a microgenetic longitudinal study.

The authors examined memory on a sort-recall task in children 8 to 12 years of age. Children were first classified as either strategic or nonstrategic on a sort-recall pretest and then participated in an 11-week microgenetic study involving nine ...
Matthias Schlagmüller, Wolfgang Schneider (J Exp Child Psychol, 200203)
development-organizational-strategies-children-evidence-microgenetic.asp

430.

Rumination and executive function in depression: an experimental study.

BACKGROUND: Major depression is associated with cognitive deficits, particularly those requiring central executive functioning. Depressed patients also tend to focus on and think about their symptoms and problems ("ruminate") more than non-depressed ...
E Watkins, R G Brown (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 200203)
rumination-executive-function-depression-experimental-study.asp