Problem Solving

321.

Recent exposure affects artifact naming.

Deciding how to label an object depends both on beliefs about the culturally appropriate name and on memory. A label should be consistent with a language communitys norms, but those norms can be used only if they can be retrieved. Two experiments are ...
Steven A Sloman, Marianne C Harrison, Barbara C Malt (Mem Cognit, 200207)
recent-exposure-affects-artifact-naming.asp

322.

Benchmark results spur action in hospital ED.

Benchmarking stresses the importance of rate, not absolute numbers. Facility goes from dead last to first in just a few quarters. Sustaining change is much more difficult than achieving ...
(Healthcare Benchmarks Qual Improv, 200207)
benchmark-results-spur-action-hospital-ed.asp

323.

Efficiency of retrieval correlates with "logical" reasoning from causal conditional premises.

In two experiments, we examined the prediction that there should be a relation between the speed with which subjects can retrieve potential causes for given effects and their reasoning with causal conditional premises (if cause P, then effect Q). It was ...
Henry Markovits, Stéphane Quinn (Mem Cognit, 200207)
efficiency-retrieval-correlates-logical-reasoning-causal-conditional.asp

324.

Content and context effects in childrens and adults conditional reasoning.

We have recently shown that children interpret conditional sentences with binary terms (e.g., male/female) in both the antecedent and the consequent as biconditionals (Barrouillet & Lecas, 1998). We hypothesized that the same effect can be obtained with ...
Pierre Barrouillet, Jean-François Lecas (Q J Exp Psychol A, 200207)
content-context-effects-children-s-adults-conditional-reasoning.asp

325.

Dynamics and constraints in insight problem solving.

This article reports 2 experiments that investigated performance on a novel insight problem, the 8-coin problem. The authors hypothesized that participants would make certain initial moves (strategic moves) that seemed to make progress according to the ...
Thomas C Ormerod, James N MacGregor, Edward P Chronicle (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn, 200207)
dynamics-constraints-insight-problem-solving.asp

326.

A multidisciplinary team approach to reducing medication variance.

BACKGROUND: In March 2000 a multidisciplinary team was formed at Williamsburg Community Hospital (Williamsburg, Virginia) to address medication-related patient safety initiatives. MEDICATION SAFETY TEAM: The team focused on promoting a nonpunitive ...
Terri A Sim, Julie Joyner (Jt Comm J Qual Improv, 200207)
multidisciplinary-team-approach-reducing-medication-variance.asp

327.

An attempt to discriminate different types of executive functions in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.

This study examined the roles of the phonological working memory and the central executive in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test by altering the materials and the procedure of the task and using a dual-task design, in which cognitive abilities of normal ...
Sevtap Cinan, Oget Oktem Tanör (Memory, 200207)
attempt-discriminate-different-types-executive-functions-wisconsin.asp

328.

The use of word-picture verification to study entry-level object recognition: further support for view-invariant mechanisms.

There are substantial logical and empirical reasons for rejecting the popular view that plane-misoriented objects are identified after normalization of global orientation. Our subjects determined the entry-level identity of common objects (line drawings) ...
Stefano A DeCaro, Adam Reeves (Mem Cognit, 200207)
word-picture-verification-study-entry-level-object-recognition.asp

329.

Observational versus feedback training in rule-based and information-integration category learning.

The effects of two different kinds of categorization training were investigated. In observational training, observers are presented with a category label and then shown an exemplar from that category. In feedback training, they are shown an exemplar, ...
F Gregory Ashby, W Todd Maddox, Corey J Bohil (Mem Cognit, 200207)
observational-versus-feedback-training-rule-based-information.asp

330.

The role of attack and defense semantics in skilled players memory for chess positions.

There is much evidence that chess skill is based on chunks in memory that represent parts of positions from previously encountered games. However, the content of these chunks is a matter for debate. According to one view, (1) the closer two pieces are to ...
Stuart J McGregor, Andrew Howes (Mem Cognit, 200207)
role-attack-defense-semantics-skilled-players-memory-chess-positions.asp