Problem Solving

311.

Childrens strategies in computational estimation.

We investigated strategies used to estimate answers to addition problems. Two hundred and sixteen participants (72 adults, 72 sixth graders, and 72 fourth graders) had to provide estimates of three-by-three digit addition problems (e.g., 249 + 743). The ...
Patrick Lemaire, Mireille Lecacheur (J Exp Child Psychol, 200208)
children-s-strategies-computational-estimation.asp

312.

Cross-cultural evidence of cognitive adaptations for social exchange among the Shiwiar of Ecuadorian Amazonia.

On the basis of evolutionary game theory, it was hypothesized that humans have an evolved cognitive specialization for reasoning about social exchange, including a subroutine for detecting cheaters. This hypothesis led to a specific prediction: Although ...
Lawrence S Sugiyama, John Tooby, Leda Cosmides (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 200208)
cross-cultural-evidence-cognitive-adaptations-social-exchange-shiwiar.asp

313.

Houston, weve had a problem: when do we override rules?

As important as rules are in health care, the authors explain why it is sometimes necessary to deviate from them to maximize patient outcomes. They then provide a framework for documenting, discussing, and teaching the importance of making exceptions and ...
Daniel E Haun, Argie Leach, Rita Vivero, Sarah W Fraser (Jt Comm J Qual Improv, 200208)
houston-ve-problem-override-rules.asp

314.

The process of a group intervention for caregivers of demented persons living at home: conceptual framework, components, and characteristics.

Most earlier group interventions for caregivers of demented persons lacked a theoretical basis to guide the intervention process and focused on providing information and practical advice and encouraging the expression of feelings. This article presents ...
L Lévesque, C Gendron, J Vézina, R Hébert, F Ducharme, J-P Lavoie, M Gendron, L Voyer, M Préville (Aging Ment Health, 200208)
process-group-intervention-caregivers-demented-persons-living-home.asp

315.

Structure and coherence of reasoning ability in Down Syndrome adults and typically developing children.

The present study investigates the ability of Down Syndrome (DS) adults to reason: (a) deductively with transitivity (linear and reverse relations) and categorical syllogisms (all-some relations); (b) inductively with classical verbal analogies and ...
D Natsopoulo, C Christou, M Koutselini, A Raftopoulos, C Karefillidou (Res Dev Disabil, 200207-08)
structure-coherence-reasoning-ability-down-syndrome-adults-typically.asp

316.

The geography of thinking.

People in different cultures are taught to think differently. How we gather information, process, rationalise, justify and communicate our ideas is culturally determined. Europe is divided between the pragmatic, inductive thinking of North Sea cultures ...
John Mole (Clin Med, 200207-08)
geography-thinking.asp

317.

Facilitating meetings.

Facilitating is an alternative style of running meetings. It is collaborative and goal-oriented and is especially useful when creative problem solving or group buy-in is important. Facilitators must master five skills: goal orientation, using ground ...
Jack E Garon (Clin Leadersh Manag Rev, 200207-08)
facilitating-meetings.asp

318.

Problem-solving communication in foster families and birthfamilies.

This study assessed child behavior problems and parent-child communication behaviors during problem solving in three groups of families with adolescent children: foster families, birthfamilies with a child at risk for behavior problems, and birthfamilies ...
Sam Vuchinich, Rachel A Ozretich, Clara C Pratt, Blythe Kneedler (Child Welfare, 200207-08)
problem-solving-communication-foster-families-birthfamilies.asp

319.

Evidence for knowledge-based category discrimination in infancy.

Two studies examined whether infants category discrimination in an object-examination task was based solely on an ad hoc analysis of perceptual similarities among the experimental stimuli. In Experiment 1A, 11-month-olds examined four different exemplars ...
Sabina Pauen (Child Dev, 200207-08)
evidence-knowledge-based-category-discrimination-infancy.asp

320.

Mother-child conflict in the toddler years: lessons in emotion, morality, and relationships.

Sixty-three mother-toddler dyads took part in a 6-month prospective study that examined how differences in the frequency and nature of early mother-toddler conflict related to individual differences in childrens subsequent socioemotional development. ...
Deborah J Laible, Ross A Thompson (Child Dev, 200207-08)
mother-child-conflict-toddler-years-lessons-emotion-morality.asp