Problem Solving

21.

The role of text representation in students ability to identify fallacious arguments.

Informal reasoning fallacies are arguments that, though they may seem persuasive, are not valid. The psychological aspect of informal reasoning fallacies, specifically the identification of factors that influence students ability to identify fallacies, ...
Yair Neuman, Erez Weizman (Q J Exp Psychol A, 200307)
role-text-representation-students-ability-identify-fallacious.asp

22.

Category use and category learning.

Categorization models based on laboratory research focus on a narrower range of explanatory constructs than appears necessary for explaining the structure of natural categories. This mismatch is caused by the reliance on classification as the basis of ...
Arthur B Markman, Brian H Ross (Psychol Bull, 200307)
category-category-learning.asp

23.

Sex differences in episodic memory: minimal influence of estradiol.

Sex differences exist for several cognitive tasks and estrogen has been suggested to influence these differences. Eighteen men and 18 women were matched on age and estradiol level. Potential sex differences were assessed in episodic memory, semantic ...
Julie E Yonker, Elias Eriksson, Lars Göran Nilsson, Agneta Herlitz (Brain Cogn, 200307)
sex-differences-episodic-memory-minimal-influence-estradiol.asp

24.

Promoting communication with older adults: protocols for resolving interpersonal conflicts and for enhancing interactions with doctors.

In this paper, we review the importance of effective communication in older adulthood, and ideas for promoting it. We focus on theoretical and applied work in two communicative encounters that have particular relevance for older adult health, i.e., ...
Patricia Flynn Weitzman, Eben A Weitzman (Clin Psychol Rev, 200307)
promoting-communication-older-adults-protocols-resolving.asp

25.

Evidence of motor planning in infant reaching behavior.

When adults reach for an object, kinematic measures of their approach movement are affected by what they intend to do after grasping it. We examined whether such future intended actions would be reflected in the approach-to-grasp phase of infant ...
Laura J Claxton, Rachel Keen, Michael E McCarty (Psychol Sci, 200307)
evidence-motor-planning-infant-reaching-behavior.asp

26.

The body-inversion effect.

Researchers argue that faces are recognized via the configuration of their parts. An important behavioral finding supporting this claim is the face-inversion effect, in which inversion impairs recognition of faces more than nonface objects. Until ...
Catherine L Reed, Valerie E Stone, Senia Bozova, James Tanaka (Psychol Sci, 200307)
body-inversion-effect.asp

27.

Perseverative responding in a violation-of-expectation task in 6.5-month-old infants.

In the present research, 6.5-month-old infants perseverated in a violation-of-expectation task designed to examine their reasoning about width information in containment events. After watching a familiarization event in which a ball was lowered into a ...
Andréa Aguiar, Renée Baillargeon (Cognition, 200307)
perseverative-responding-violation-expectation-task--month-old.asp

28.

Rate dependency of the human cortical network subserving executive functions during generation of random number series--a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

In a random number generation (RNG) task subjects are instructed to generate the numbers 1-10 in a random fashion. RNG performance is assumed to involve executive functions, as it requires controlled response generation and suppression of habitual ...
C Daniels, K Witt, S Wolff, O Jansen, G Deuschl (Neurosci Lett, 200307)
rate-dependency-human-cortical-network-subserving-executive-functions.asp

29.

Whats so special about human tool use?

Evidence suggests homologies in parietofrontal circuits involved in object prehension among humans and monkeys. Likewise, tool use is known to induce functional reorganization of their visuotactile limb representations. Yet, humans are the only species ...
Scott H Johnson-Frey (Neuron, 200307)
s-special-human-tool-use.asp

30.

Development of categorization and reasoning in the natural world: novices to experts, naive similarity to ecological knowledge.

Two experiments investigate the role of similarity and causal-ecological knowledge in expert and novice categorization and reasoning. In Experiment 1, university undergraduates and commercial fishermen sorted marine creatures into groups; although there ...
Patrick Shafto, John D Coley (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn, 200307)
development-categorization-reasoning-natural-world-novices-experts.asp