Problem Solving

241.

Hierarchical categorization by bilingual Latino children: does a basic-level bias exist?

Research has shown that children classify most easily at the basic level where objects in the same category look similar enough to each other to be grouped together but are distinct enough from objects in other categories to be discriminated (e.g., ...
Valerie Malabonga, Robert Pasnak (Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr, 200211)
hierarchical-categorization-bilingual-latino-children-basic-level.asp

242.

Parasuicidal behaviour and interpersonal problem solving performance in older adults.

OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that interpersonal problem-solving performance in older adults with a recent episode of parasuicide is poorer than that of depressed patients and community controls. DESIGN: A cross-sectional design was used to assess ...
Susie Howat, Kate Davidson (Br J Clin Psychol, 200211)
parasuicidal-behaviour-interpersonal-problem-solving-performance.asp

243.

Childrens interpretation of generic noun phrases.

Generic utterances (e.g., "Cows say moo") have 2 distinctive semantic properties: (a) Generics are generally true, unlike indefinites (e.g., "Bears live in caves" is generic; "I saw some bears in the cave" is indefinite), and (b) generics need not be ...
Michelle A Hollander, Susan A Gelman, Jon Star (Dev Psychol, 200211)
children-s-interpretation-generic-noun-phrases.asp

244.

Logic and human reasoning: an assessment of the deduction paradigm.

The study of deductive reasoning has been a major paradigm in psychology for approximately the past 40 years. Research has shown that people make many logical errors on such tasks and are strongly influenced by problem content and context. It is argued ...
Jonathan St B T Evans (Psychol Bull, 200211)
logic-human-reasoning-assessment-deduction-paradigm.asp

245.

The neural basis for categorization in semantic memory.

We asked young adults to categorize written object descriptions into one of two categories, based on a rule or on overall similarity, while we monitored regional brain activity with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We found significantly ...
Murray Grossman, Edward E Smith, Phyllis Koenig, Guila Glosser, Chris DeVita, Peachie Moore, Corey McMillan (Neuroimage, 200211)
neural-basis-categorization-semantic-memory.asp

246.

Dissociable contributions of prefrontal and parietal cortices to response selection.

The ability to select between possible responses to a given situation is central to human cognition. The goal of this study was to distinguish between brain areas representing candidate responses and areas selecting between competing response ...
Silvia A Bunge, Eliot Hazeltine, Michael D Scanlon, Allyson C Rosen, J D E Gabrieli (Neuroimage, 200211)
dissociable-contributions-prefrontal-parietal-cortices-response.asp

247.

What does the frontomedian cortex contribute to language processing: coherence or theory of mind?

The frontomedian cortex (FMC) has been shown to be important for coherence processes in language comprehension, i.e., for establishing the pragmatic connection between successively presented sentences. The same brain region has a role during ...
Evelyn C Ferstl, D Yves von Cramon (Neuroimage, 200211)
frontomedian-cortex-contribute-language-processing-coherence-or.asp

248.

An arbitration primer for providers.

Arbitration provisions in managed care contracts can be structured to suit the needs and priorities of healthcare providers. Dispute resolution through the courts rather than through arbitration sometimes may benefit the provider. Providers can specify ...
Frank P Fedor (Healthc Financ Manage, 200211)
arbitration-primer-providers.asp

249.

Mental models in deductive reasoning.

We report research investigating the role of mental models in deduction. The first study deals with conjunctive inferences (from one conjunction and two conditional premises) and disjunctive inferences (from one disjunction and the same two ...
Juan A García-Madruga, Francisco Gutiérrez, Nuria Carriedo, Sergio Moreno, Philip N Johnson-Laird (Span J Psychol, 200211)
mental-models-deductive-reasoning.asp

250.

Sex differences in general knowledge, semantic memory and reasoning ability.

This paper has the three objectives of attempting to replicate a previous study in which it was found that males have substantially greater general knowledge in most fields or domains than females, and of determining how far sex differences in general ...
Richard Lynn, Paul Irwing (Br J Psychol, 200211)
sex-differences-general-knowledge-semantic-memory-reasoning-ability.asp