Problem Solving

231.

Contextual control of stimulus generalization and stimulus equivalence in hierarchical categorization.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether hierarchical categorization would result from a combination of contextually controlled conditional discrimination training, stimulus generalization, and stimulus equivalence. First, differential ...
Karen Griffee, Michael J Dougher (J Exp Anal Behav, 200211)
contextual-control-stimulus-generalization-stimulus-equivalence.asp

232.

Neural synchronization mediates on-line sentence processing: EEG coherence evidence from filler-gap constructions.

This study investigated cognitive and neural processes involved in gap filling during on-line sentence comprehension. Electroencephalogram (EEG) coherences were used to demonstrate that increases in the synchronization of neural activity in different ...
Henk I Haarmann, Katherine A Cameron, Daniel S Ruchkin (Psychophysiology, 200211)
neural-synchronization-mediates-line-sentence-processing-eeg.asp

233.

Orientation specificity and spatial updating of memories for layouts.

This article examines the degree to which knowledge about the bodys orientation affects transformations in spatial memory and whether memories are accessed with a preferred orientation. Participants learned large paths from a single viewpoint and were ...
David Waller, Daniel R Montello, Anthony E Richardson, Mary Hegarty (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn, 200211)
orientation-specificity-spatial-updating-memories-layouts.asp

234.

Memory for Star Trek: the role of prior knowledge in recognition revisited.

Prior studies have found robust knowledge effects on recall of text ideas but have seldom found comparable effects on recognition. This inconsistency was examined in light of recent research on the component processes that underlie recognition memory. ...
Debra L Long, Chantel S Prat (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn, 200211)
memory-star-trek-role-prior-knowledge-recognition-revisited.asp

235.

Memory seeding: representations underlying quantitative estimations.

N. R. Brown and R. S. Siegler (1996) found that training participants on a subset of country populations improved estimations for novel transfer country populations, an effect called seeding that remained intact over time. They attributed this effect to ...
Nadezhda N LaVoie, Lyle E Bourne, Alice F Healy (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn, 200211)
memory-seeding-representations-underlying-quantitative-estimations.asp

236.

Reasoning counterfactually: making inferences about things that didnt happen.

The authors investigated the relationship between reasoners understanding of subjunctive conditionals (e.g., if p had happened, then q would have happened) and the inferences they were prepared to endorse. Reasoners who made a counterfactual ...
Valerie A Thompson, Ruth M J Byrne (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn, 200211)
reasoning-counterfactually-making-inferences-things-didn-t-happen.asp

237.

Recursive retrospective revaluation of causal judgments.

Recursive causal evaluation is an iterative process in which the evaluation of a target cause, T, is based on the outcome of the evaluation of another cause, C, the evaluation of which itself depends on the evaluation of a 3rd cause, D. Retrospective ...
Siegfried Macho, Judith Burkart (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn, 200211)
recursive-retrospective-revaluation-causal-judgments.asp

238.

Calculation, culture, and the repeated operand effect.

A basic phenomenon of cognitive arithmetic is that problems composed of a repeated operand, so-called "ties" (e.g. 6+6, 7 x 7), typically are solved more quickly and accurately than comparable non-tie problems (e.g. 6+5, 7 x 8). In Experiment 1, we ...
Jamie I D Campbell, Raymond Gunter (Cognition, 200211)
calculation-culture-repeated-operand-effect.asp

239.

Toward a unified theory of decision criterion learning in perceptual categorization.

Optimal decision criterion placement maximizes expected reward and requires sensitivity to the category base rates (prior probabilities) and payoffs (costs and benefits of incorrect and correct responding). When base rates are unequal, human decision ...
W Todd Maddox (J Exp Anal Behav, 200211)
toward-unified-theory-decision-criterion-learning-perceptual.asp

240.

Motor imagery in mental rotation: an fMRI study.

Twelve right-handed men performed two mental rotation tasks and two control tasks while whole-head functional magnetic resonance imaging was applied. Mental rotation tasks implied the comparison of different sorts of stimulus pairs, viz. pictures of ...
Guy Vingerhoets, Floris P de Lange, Pieter Vandemaele, Karel Deblaere, Erik Achten (Neuroimage, 200211)
motor-imagery-mental-rotation-fmri-study.asp