Problem Solving

151.

Large sexual-orientation-related differences in performance on mental rotation and judgment of line orientation tasks.

This study examined the performance of heterosexual and homosexual men and women on 2 tests of spatial processing, mental rotation (MR) and Benton Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO). The sample comprised 60 heterosexual men, 60 heterosexual women, 60 ...
Qazi Rahman, Glenn D Wilson (Neuropsychology, 200301)
large-sexual-orientation-related-differences-performance-mental.asp

152.

Qualitative analysis of verbal fluency in depression.

The aim of this study was to analyze qualitative aspects of verbal fluency in depression. Phonemic and semantic output was scored for word clustering and switching between clusters in depressed patients and normal control subjects. Depressed patients ...
Philippe Fossati, Le Bastard Guillaume, Anne-Marie Ergis, Jean-François Allilaire (Psychiatry Res, 200301)
qualitative-analysis-verbal-fluency-depression.asp

153.

Automatic activation of multiplication facts: evidence from the nodes adjacent to the product.

Adult observers are widely assumed to be equipped with a specific memory store containing arithmetic facts. The present study was aimed at exploring the possibility of obtaining an automatic activation of multiplication facts by using the number-matching ...
Giovanni Galfano, Elena Rusconi, Carlo Umiltà (Q J Exp Psychol A, 200301)
automatic-activation-multiplication-facts-evidence-nodes-adjacent.asp

154.

Belief bias and relational reasoning.

When people evaluate categorical syllogisms, they tend to reject unbelievable conclusions and accept believable ones irrespective of their validity. Typically, this effect is particularly marked for invalid conclusions that are possible, but do not ...
Maxwell J Roberts, Elizabeth D A Sykes (Q J Exp Psychol A, 200301)
belief-bias-relational-reasoning.asp

155.

From symptoms to causes: diversity effects in diagnostic reasoning.

A single causal agent can often give rise to a cascade of consequences that can be envisioned as a branching pathway in which symptoms are the terminal nodes. In three studies, we investigated whether reasoning about root causes on the basis of such ...
Nancy S Kim, Frank C Keil (Mem Cognit, 200301)
symptoms-causes-diversity-effects-diagnostic-reasoning.asp

156.

Medication errors caused by confusion of drug names.

Many drug names can look or sound like other drug names, which leads to confusion and potentially harmful medication errors. While various types of drug names exist, brand (proprietary) names are most commonly confused. Examples of the numerous drug ...
James M Hoffman, Susan M Proulx (Drug Saf, 2003)
medication-errors-caused-confusion-drug-names.asp

157.

Facilitating normative judgments of conditional probability: frequency or nested sets?

Recent probability judgment research contrasts two opposing views. Some theorists have emphasized the role of frequency representations in facilitating probabilistic correctness; opponents have noted that visualizing the probabilistic structure of the ...
Kimihiko Yamagishi (Exp Psychol, 2003)
facilitating-normative-judgments-conditional-probability-frequency-or.asp

158.

Different brain mechanisms mediate two strategies in arithmetic: evidence from Event-Related brain Potentials.

Participants were asked to verify if complex additions were smaller than 100 or not. Two hundred and forty arithmetic problems were presented, with half the problems being small-split problems (i.e. proposed sums were 2 or 5% away from 100) and half ...
Radouane El Yagoubi, Patrick Lemaire, Mireille Besson (Neuropsychologia, 2003)
different-brain-mechanisms-mediate-two-strategies-arithmetic-evidence.asp

159.

Implicit and explicit knowledge decay at different rates: a dissociation between priming and recognition in artificial grammar learning.

An experiment tested the common assumption that implicit and explicit knowledge are forgotten at different rates. In a training phase participants responded to sequences of letters generated by a finite-state grammar by pressing corresponding letters on ...
Richard J Tunney (Exp Psychol, 2003)
implicit-explicit-knowledge-decay-different-rates-dissociation.asp

160.

Learning circles: collaborating to promote RN and LPN role enhancement.

Recent events in the Newfoundland and Labrador healthcare system, including changes to nursing scope of practice, have had a profound effect on practice environments for direct care registered nurses (RNs) and Licensed practical nurses (LPNs). This ...
JoAnna Bennett (Can J Nurs Leadersh, 2003)
learning-circles-collaborating-promote-rn-lpn-role-enhancement.asp