Problem Solving

91.

Visual recognition of biological motion is impaired in children with autism.

Autistic children and typically developing control children were tested on two visual tasks, one involving grouping of small line elements into a global figure and the other involving perception of human activity portrayed in point-light animations. ...
Randolph Blake, Lauren M Turner, Moria J Smoski, Stacie L Pozdol, Wendy L Stone (Psychol Sci, 200303)
visual-recognition-biological-motion-impaired-children-autism.asp

92.

Status, testosterone, and human intellectual performance: stereotype threat as status concern.

Results from two experiments suggest that stereotype-threat effects are special cases of a more general process involving the need to maintain or enhance status. We hypothesized that situations capable of confirming a performance stereotype might ...
Robert A Josephs, Mathew L Newman, Ryan P Brown, Jeremy M Beer (Psychol Sci, 200303)
status-testosterone-human-intellectual-performance-stereotype-threat.asp

93.

Childrens reliance on creators intent in extending names for artifacts.

When children learn a name for a novel artifact, they tend to extend the name to other artifacts that share the same shape--a phenomenon known as the shape bias. The present studies investigated an intentional account of this bias. In Study 1, ...
Gil Diesendruck, Lori Markson, Paul Bloom (Psychol Sci, 200303)
children-s-reliance-creator-s-intent-extending-names-artifacts.asp

94.

Doing practice differently: solution-focused nursing.

BACKGROUND: Critical thinking and reasoning take many forms; however, a problem-orientation remains the favoured approach in health care. PURPOSE: This paper considers the effects of a problem-orientation and argues that a solution-orientation fits ...
Margaret McAllister (J Adv Nurs, 200303)
doing-practice-differently-solution-focused-nursing.asp

95.

Broadening participation in community problem solving: a multidisciplinary model to support collaborative practice and research.

Over the last 40 years, thousands of communities-in the United States and internationally-have been working to broaden the involvement of people and organizations in addressing community-level problems related to health and other areas. Yet, in spite of ...
Roz D Lasker, Elisa S Weiss (J Urban Health, 200303)
broadening-participation-community-problem-solving-multidisciplinary.asp

96.

Neural mechanisms of general fluid intelligence.

We used an individual-differences approach to test whether general fluid intelligence (gF) is mediated by brain regions that support attentional (executive) control, including subregions of the prefrontal cortex. Forty-eight participants first completed ...
Jeremy R Gray, Christopher F Chabris, Todd S Braver (Nat Neurosci, 200303)
neural-mechanisms-general-fluid-intelligence.asp

97.

Gender moderates the relationship between testosterone and marital interaction.

Higher testosterone levels are related to assertiveness and dominance. Given the relevance of those behavioral correlates to spouses daily transactions, links between testosterone levels and marital interaction were explored among 92 newlywed couples. ...
Catherine L Cohan, Alan Booth, Douglas A Granger (J Fam Psychol, 200303)
gender-moderates-relationship-testosterone-marital-interaction.asp

98.

Directive functions of autobiographical memory: the guiding power of the specific episode.

Vivid memories of personal experiences provide models for present activities and contribute to successful problem solving and adaptation. The memories serve important directive functions: they inform, guide, motivate, and inspire. Yet directive functions ...
David B Pillemer (Memory, 200303)
directive-functions-autobiographical-memory-guiding-power-specific.asp

99.

Models of consistency.

This article presents a theory of how individuals detect whether descriptions of an entity are consistent or inconsistent. The theory postulates that individuals try to construct a mental model of the entity in which all the propositions are true. If ...
Paolo Legrenzi, Vittorio Girotto, P N Johnson-Laird (Psychol Sci, 200303)
models-consistency.asp

100.

Searching for the structure of coping: a review and critique of category systems for classifying ways of coping.

From analyzing 100 assessments of coping, the authors critiqued strategies and identified best practices for constructing category systems. From current systems, a list of 400 ways of coping was compiled. For constructing lower order categories, the ...
Ellen A Skinner, Kathleen Edge, Jeffrey Altman, Hayley Sherwood (Psychol Bull, 200303)
searching-structure-coping-review-critique-category-systems.asp