Problem Solving

1.

No evidence of a homogeneous frontal neuropsychological profile in a sample of schizophrenic subjects.

The authors obtained a frontal functions profile for 81 schizophrenic patients using six neuropsychological tests that evaluate the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex functions, i.e., working memory, executive functions, and strategic performance. They then ...
Orsola Gambini, Arturo Campana, Giacomo Garghentini, Silvio Scarone (J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, 2003WINTER)
evidence-homogeneous-frontal-neuropsychological-profile-sample.asp

2.

Implicit temporal tuning of working memory strategy during cognitive skill acquisition.

Complex cognitive tasks such as multiple-step arithmetic entail strategies for coordinating mental processes such as calculation with processes for managing working memory (WM). Such strategies must be sensitive to factors such as the time needed for ...
Myeong-Ho Sohn, Richard A Carlson (Am J Psychol, 2003SUMMER)
implicit-temporal-tuning-working-memory-strategy-cognitive-skill.asp

3.

Treatment of medical students during clerkships based on their stated career interests.

BACKGROUND: Clerkship students often face questions from teachers about their career interests and may perceive that their responses change their clerkship experiences significantly. PURPOSE: To explore student experiences with "career interest" ...
Douglas C Woolley, Scott E Moser, Nancy L Davis, Giulia A Bonaminio, Anthony M Paolo (Teach Learn Med, 2003SUMMER)
treatment-medical-students-clerkships-based-stated-career-interests.asp

4.

Analysis of precurrent skills in solving mathematics story problems.

We conducted an analysis of precurrent skills (responses that increase the effectiveness of a subsequent or "current" behavior in obtaining a reinforcer) to facilitate the solution of arithmetic word (story) problems. Two students with developmental ...
Nancy A Neef, Diane E Nelles, Brian A Iwata, Terry J Page (J Appl Behav Anal, 2003SPRING)
analysis-precurrent-skills-solving-mathematics-story-problems.asp

5.

African American college womens suicide buffers.

African American women have lower suicide rates than other women and men in the United States They may possess suicide buffers including social support, religiosity, negative attitudes regarding suicide acceptability, and African American culture. To ...
Michelle S Marion, Lillian M Range (Suicide Life Threat Behav, 2003SPRING)
african-american-college-women-s-suicide-buffers.asp

6.

Noncognitive predictors of academic performance. Going beyond the traditional measures.

The purpose of this study was to examine comparatively the use of an atypical, noncognitive predictor of academic achievement, the Problem Solving Inventory (PSI), with the traditional cognitive measures of American College Testing (ACT) score and grade ...
Susan DeAngelis (J Allied Health, 2003SPRING)
noncognitive-predictors-academic-performance-going-beyond-traditional.asp

7.

Returning human factors to an engineering discipline: expanding the science base through a new generation of quantitative methods--preface to the special section.

Newell and Card (1985) warned the human factors community that the way to deal with scientists, engineers, and designers was not through the use of platitudes or by advocating the empirical testing of an infinity of design alternatives but, rather, ...
Michael D Byrne, Wayne D Gray (Hum Factors, 2003SPRING)
returning-human-factors-engineering-discipline-expanding-science-base.asp

8.

Acquiring an understanding of design: evidence from childrens insight problem solving.

The human ability to make tools and use them to solve problems may not be zoologically unique, but it is certainly extraordinary. Yet little is known about the conceptual machinery that makes humans so competent at making and using tools. Do adults and ...
Margaret Anne Defeyter, Tim P German (Cognition, 200309)
acquiring-understanding-design-evidence-children-s-insight-problem.asp

9.

Differential activity in the premotor cortex subdivisions in humans during mental calculation and verbal rehearsal tasks: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

To investigate a possible role of the lateral premotor cortex in human cognitive processes, we compared brain activity during mental-operation numeral (MO-numeral) and verbal rehearsal (VR) tasks, using block-design functional MRI. Sixteen healthy ...
Takashi Hanakawa, Manabu Honda, Tomohisa Okada, Hidenao Fukuyama, Hiroshi Shibasaki (Neurosci Lett, 200308)
differential-activity-premotor-cortex-subdivisions-humans-mental.asp

10.

Counterfactual cognitive deficit in persons with Parkinsons disease.

BACKGROUND: Counterfactuals are mental representations of alternatives to past events. Recent research has shown them to be important for other cognitive processes, such as planning, causal reasoning, problem solving, and decision making-all processes ...
P McNamara, R Durso, A Brown, A Lynch (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 200308)
counterfactual-cognitive-deficit-persons-parkinson-s-disease.asp