Mental Processes

161.

Dynamic patterns make the premotor cortex interested in objects: influence of stimulus and task revealed by fMRI.

Research in monkey and man indicates that the ventrolateral premotor cortex (PMv) underlies not only the preparation of manual movements, but also the perceptual representation of pragmatic object properties. However, visual stimuli without any pragmatic ...
Ricarda I Schubotz, D Yves von Cramon (Brain Res Cogn Brain Res, 200211)
dynamic-patterns-premotor-cortex-interested-objects-influence.asp

162.

Effects of cognitive training interventions with older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT: Cognitive function in older adults is related to independent living and need for care. However, few studies have addressed whether improving cognitive functions might have short- or long-term effects on activities related to living ...
Karlene Ball, Daniel B Berch, Karin F Helmers, Jared B Jobe, Mary D Leveck, Michael Marsiske, John N Morris, George W Rebok, David M Smith, Sharon L Tennstedt, Frederick W Unverzagt, Sherry L Willis, (JAMA, 200211)
effects-cognitive-training-interventions-older-adults-randomized.asp

163.

Hemispheric asymmetry and aging: right hemisphere decline or asymmetry reduction.

We review evidence for two models of hemispheric asymmetry and aging: the right hemi-aging model, which proposes that the right hemisphere shows greater age-related decline than the left hemisphere, and the hemispheric asymmetry reduction in old adults ...
Florin Dolcos, Heather J Rice, Roberto Cabeza (Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 200211)
hemispheric-asymmetry-aging-right-hemisphere-decline-or-asymmetry.asp

164.

The role of rostral Brodmann area 6 in mental-operation tasks: an integrative neuroimaging approach.

Recent evidence indicates that classical motor areas may also have cognitive functions. We performed three neuroimaging experiments to investigate the functional neuroanatomy underlying three types of nonmotor mental-operation tasks: numerical, verbal, ...
Takashi Hanakawa, Manabu Honda, Nobukatsu Sawamoto, Tomohisa Okada, Yoshiharu Yonekura, Hidena Fukuyama, Hiroshi Shibasaki (Cereb Cortex, 200211)
role-rostral-brodmann-area-mental-operation-tasks-integrative.asp

165.

Learning approaches and learning difficulties: a comparison of Indian and Nepali dental science students.

This study explored the difference in learning approaches and difficulties of Nepali and Indian undergraduate students of dental science. A locally developed inventory was used to measure learning approach and learning difficulties. Data collected from ...
Shreemathi S Mayya, A Krishna Rao, K Ramnarayan (J Dent Educ, 200211)
learning-approaches-learning-difficulties-comparison-indian-nepali.asp

166.

The effect of intentional expectancy on mental processing: a chronopsychophysiological investigation.

Expected events are processed faster than unexpected ones. Previously, we have reported evidence that passive expectancies determined by the preceding event sequence mainly affected the duration of motoric processes. Here we examined the effects of ...
Ines Jentzsch, Werner Sommer (Acta Psychol (Amst), 200211)
effect-intentional-expectancy-mental-processing.asp

167.

Emotion, cognition, and behavior.

Emotion is central to the quality and range of everyday human experience. The neurobiological substrates of human emotion are now attracting increasing interest within the neurosciences motivated, to a considerable extent, by advances in functional ...
R J Dolan (Science, 200211)
emotion-cognition-behavior.asp

168.

Human brain language processing areas identified by functional magnetic resonance imaging using a lexical decision task.

The purpose of this study was to validate a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm to activate both anterior and posterior language areas while collecting accuracy and reaction time data on subjects performance. The paradigm was based on ...
Giovanna Calandra-Buonaura, Gianpaolo Basso, Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini, Marco Serafini, Giuseppe Pagnoni, Patrizia Baraldi, Carlo Alberto Porro, Paolo Nichelli (Funct Neurol, 200210-12)
human-brain-language-processing-areas-identified-functional-magnetic.asp

169.

Mental chronometry in the study of individual and group differences.

The papers in this issue are excellent examples of the many uses of measuring reaction time in the exploration of nervous system pathologies. In our commentary we consider mental chronometry as a field that seeks to measure the time course of mental ...
Michael I Posner, M Rosario Rueda (J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 200210)
mental-chronometry-study-individual-group-differences.asp

170.

Characteristics of eye movement and cognition during simulated landing of aircraft.

Objective. To examine how the subject scans different parts of display panels and how the attention is distributed through the analysis of the eye movement principle and the cognition of the brain. Method. An experiment was conducted to simulate the ...
Zhong-qi Liu, Xiu-gan Yuan, Wei Liu, Rui Wang (Space Med Med Eng (Beijing), 200210)
characteristics-eye-movement-cognition-simulated-landing-aircraft.asp