Mental Processes

151.

Influences of visibility, intentions, and probability in a peripheral cuing task.

According to the concept of direct parameter specification, nonconsciously registered information can be processed to the extent that it matches currently active intentions of a person. This prediction was tested and confirmed in the current study. ...
Ulrich Ansorge, Manfred Heumann, Ingrid Scharlau (Conscious Cogn, 200212)
influences-visibility-intentions-probability-peripheral-cuing-task.asp

152.

Errors in interpreting quantities as procedures: the case of pharmaceutical labels.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and characterize the errors in cognitive processes deployed in the comprehension of procedural texts found on pharmaceutical labels by subjects of different cultural and educational backgrounds. In this study, ...
Vimla L Patel, Timothy Branch, Jose F Arocha (Int J Med Inf, 200211)
errors-interpreting-quantities-procedures-case-pharmaceutical-labels.asp

153.

Aging, cognition, and culture: a neuroscientific perspective.

Behavioral studies have suggested some intriguing differences across cultures in cognitive processes such as attention to context, the use of categorization, stereotypes about aging, and metamemory judgments. Moreover, there is behavioral evidence to ...
Denise C Park, Angela H Gutchess (Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 200211)
aging-cognition-culture-neuroscientific-perspective.asp

154.

Brain responses to number sequences with and without active task requirement.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of the active task involvement versus the passive knowledge of the structure of the stimulation on event-related potentials (ERPs) to violation in number sequences. This should contribute to future development of an ERP ...
Simone Lang, Boris Kotchoubey (Clin Neurophysiol, 200211)
brain-responses-number-sequences-active-task-requirement.asp

155.

Electrophysiological estimates of biological and syntactic gender violation during pronoun processing.

During comprehension, a personal pronoun (he, she, it) refers to a preceding referent (boy, girl, child). This co-reference could be established, among other ways, by using (i). conceptual/semantic information (biological gender agreement between the ...
Bernadette M Schmitt, Monique Lamers, Thomas F Münte (Brain Res Cogn Brain Res, 200211)
electrophysiological-estimates-biological-syntactic-gender-violation.asp

156.

Medial temporal lobe activity during semantic classification using a flexible fMRI design.

In this study, we evaluated the use of a self-paced fMRI design, to allow a flexible speed of responding with only four alternating stimulus blocks to minimize the influence of task switching on a group of young subjects. This was done in view of our ...
Sander M Daselaar, Dick J Veltman, Serge A R B Rombouts, Jeroen G W Raaijmakers, Richard H C Lazeron, Cees Jonker (Behav Brain Res, 200211)
medial-temporal-lobe-activity-semantic-classification-flexible-fmri.asp

157.

Evidence of conscious and subconscious olfactory information processing during word encoding: a magnetoencephalographic (MEG) study.

The present study was meant to distinguish between unconscious and conscious olfactory information processing and to investigate the influence of olfaction on word information processing. Magnetic field changes were recorded in healthy young participants ...
Peter Walla, Bernd Hufnagl, Johann Lehrner, Dagmar Mayer, Gerald Lindinger, Lüder Deecke, Wilfried Lang (Brain Res Cogn Brain Res, 200211)
evidence-conscious-subconscious-olfactory-information-processing-word.asp

158.

Mental models in deductive reasoning.

We report research investigating the role of mental models in deduction. The first study deals with conjunctive inferences (from one conjunction and two conditional premises) and disjunctive inferences (from one disjunction and the same two ...
Juan A García-Madruga, Francisco Gutiérrez, Nuria Carriedo, Sergio Moreno, Philip N Johnson-Laird (Span J Psychol, 200211)
mental-models-deductive-reasoning.asp

159.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging of brain activity in the visual oddball task.

Abnormalities in the P300 ERP, elicited by the oddball task and measured using EEG, have been found in a number of central nervous system disorders including schizophrenia, Alzheimers disease, and alcohol dependence. While electrophysiological studies ...
Babak A Ardekani, Steven J Choi, Gholam Ali Hossein-Zadeh, Bernice Porjesz, Jody L Tanabe, Kelvin O Lim, Robert Bilder, Joseph A Helpern, Henri Begleiter (Brain Res Cogn Brain Res, 200211)
functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging-brain-activity-visual-oddball.asp

160.

Cognition-enhancing effect of vagus nerve stimulation in patients with Alzheimers disease: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an established treatment method for therapy-refractory epilepsy and, in Europe, for treatment-resistant depression also. Clinical and experimental investigations have also shown positive effects of VNS on ...
Magnus J C Sjögren, Per T O Hellström, Michael A G Jonsson, Magnus Runnerstam, Hans C-Son Silander, Elinor Ben-Menachem (J Clin Psychiatry, 200211)
cognition-enhancing-effect-vagus-nerve-stimulation-patients-alzheimer.asp