Memory

531.

Sex differences in general knowledge, semantic memory and reasoning ability.

This paper has the three objectives of attempting to replicate a previous study in which it was found that males have substantially greater general knowledge in most fields or domains than females, and of determining how far sex differences in general ...
Richard Lynn, Paul Irwing (Br J Psychol, 200211)
sex-differences-general-knowledge-semantic-memory-reasoning-ability.asp

532.

Conditional reasoning and the Tower of Hanoi: the role of spatial and verbal working memory.

This paper reports a study that investigated the relationships between verbal and spatial measures of working memory capacity and performance on the Tower of Hanoi and a conditional reasoning task. Four working memory measures were included, a simple ...
Simon J Handley, A Capon, C Copp, C Harper (Br J Psychol, 200211)
conditional-reasoning-tower-hanoi-role-spatial-verbal-working-memory.asp

533.

Molecular mechanisms of memory retrieval.

Memory retrieval is a fundamental component or stage of memory processing. In fact, retrieval is the only possible measure of memory. The ability to recall past events is a major determinant of survival strategies in all species and is of paramount ...
German Szapiro, Julieta M Galante, Daniela M Barros, Miguelina Levi de Stein, Monica R M Vianna, Luciana A Izquierdo, Ivan Izquierdo, Jorge H Medina (Neurochem Res, 200211)
molecular-mechanisms-memory-retrieval.asp

534.

Individual differences in sentence memory.

Results from an experiment with two parts are presented in this paper. In part one, participants listened to sentences containing two, three, four, or five clauses, and were asked questions about the content of the sentences. The results of part one ...
Rose Roberts, Edward Gibson (J Psycholinguist Res, 200211)
individual-differences-sentence-memory.asp

535.

Integrative neurocomputational perspectives on cognitive aging, neuromodulation, and representation.

Besides neuroanatomical changes, neuromodulatory mechanisms are also compromised during aging. Neural network models are suitable tools for exploring the relatively broad and homogenous neuromodulatory influences on cortical function. Computational ...
Shu-Chen Li, Sverker Sikström (Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 200211)
integrative-neurocomputational-perspectives-cognitive-aging.asp

536.

Cognitive theories as reinforcement history surrogates: the case of likelihood ratio models of human recognition memory.

B. F. Skinner (1977) once argued that cognitive theories are essentially surrogates for the organisms (usually unknown) reinforcement history. In this article, we argue that this notion applies rather directly to a class of likelihood ratio models of ...
John T Wixted, Santino C Gaitan (Anim Learn Behav, 200211)
cognitive-theories-reinforcement-history-surrogates-case-likelihood.asp

537.

Hemispheric asymmetry and aging: right hemisphere decline or asymmetry reduction.

We review evidence for two models of hemispheric asymmetry and aging: the right hemi-aging model, which proposes that the right hemisphere shows greater age-related decline than the left hemisphere, and the hemispheric asymmetry reduction in old adults ...
Florin Dolcos, Heather J Rice, Roberto Cabeza (Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 200211)
hemispheric-asymmetry-aging-right-hemisphere-decline-or-asymmetry.asp

538.

Memory trace in prefrontal cortex: theory for the cognitive switch.

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in human and non-human primates functions as the highest-order executor for the perception-action cycle. According to this view, when perceptual stimuli from the environment are novel or complex, the dorsolateral ...
Satoru Otani (Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc, 200211)
memory-trace-prefrontal-cortex-theory-cognitive-switch.asp

539.

Object relocation task: an exact test of significance with credit for partial knowledge.

The object relocation paradigm is used to assess spatial memory in cognitive, developmental and clinical neuropsychological contexts. A number of different objects are displayed for a period of time in a particular spatial environment, such as a room, a ...
Raphael Gillett (Br J Math Stat Psychol, 200211)
object-relocation-task-exact-test-significance-credit-partial.asp

540.

High-breakdown estimation of multivariate mean and covariance with missing observations.

We consider the problem of outliers in incomplete multivariate data when the aim is to estimate a measure of mean and covariance, as is the case, for example, in factor analysis. The ER algorithm of Little and Smith which combines the EM algorithm for ...
Tsung-Chi Cheng, Maria-Pia Victoria-Feser (Br J Math Stat Psychol, 200211)
high-breakdown-estimation-multivariate-mean-covariance-missing.asp