Decision Making

551.

Age, executive function, and social decision making: a dorsolateral prefrontal theory of cognitive aging.

Current neuropsychological models propose that some age-related cognitive changes are due to frontal-lobe deterioration. However, these models have not considered the possible subdivision of the frontal lobes into the dorsolateral and ventromedial ...
Sarah E MacPherson, Louise H Phillips, Sergio Della Sala (Psychol Aging, 200212)
age-executive-function-social-decision-making-dorsolateral-prefrontal.asp

552.

Cigarette smoking and stages of change among men and women in Kiev, Ukraine.

BACKGROUND: Assisting current smokers to progress towards stopping smoking entails identifying their readiness to stop and understanding the factors that may influence their readiness. Relations were established between certain predictor variables ...
Jenna M McAllister, Gordon B Lindsay, Ray M Merrill, Ugo A Perego (Eur J Public Health, 200212)
cigarette-smoking-stages-change-men-women-kiev-ukraine.asp

553.

Do juries meet our expectations?

Surveys of public opinion indicate that people have high expectations for juries. When it comes to serious crimes, most people want errors of convicting the innocent (false positives) or acquitting the guilty (false negatives) to fall well below 10%. ...
Hal R Arkes, Barbara A Mellers (Law Hum Behav, 200212)
juries-meet-expectations.asp

554.

Government policies, industry/economics, social trends, and educational opportunities in womens decisions to work outside versus inside the home.

Research on the career decision processes of women has focused primarily on internal considerations such as mathematical ability, intelligence, and self-esteem; however, the external environment also has an influence on these processes. To date, the ...
Susan M Bosco (Psychol Rep, 200212)
government-policies-industry-economics-social-trends-educational.asp

555.

Bias effects in word fragment completion in young and older adults.

Young and older adults were tested on a word fragment completion task in which correct solutions were studied words, words orthographically similar to studied words, or new words. In Experiments 1 and 2, the standard production version of the word ...
Leah L Light, Robert F Kennison, Michael R Healy (Mem Cognit, 200212)
bias-effects-word-fragment-completion-young-older-adults.asp

556.

Somatic markers, working memory, and decision making.

The somatic marker hypothesis formulated by Damasio (e.g., 1994; Damasio, Tranel, & Damasio, 1991) argues that affective reactions ordinarily guide and simplify decision making. Although originally intended to explain decision-making deficits in people ...
John M Hinson, Tina L Jameson, Paul Whitney (Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci, 200212)
somatic-markers-working-memory-decision-making.asp

557.

Public health decisions: the laboratorys role in the Lorain County, Ohio, investigation.

In 1994 officials from the Ohio Department of Health reported that some residents of Lorain County, Ohio, possibly had been exposed to methyl parathion (MP), a highly toxic restricted-use pesticide. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ...
Robert H Hill, Susan Head, Dana B Barr, Carol Rubin, Emilio Esteban, Samuel E Baker, Sandra Bailey, Larry L Needham (Environ Health Perspect, 200212)
public-health-decisions-laboratory-s-role-lorain-county-ohio.asp

558.

Is signal detection theory fundamentally flawed? A response to Balakrishnan (1998a, 1998b, 1999).

For nearly 50 years, signal detection theory (SDT; Green & Swvets, 1966; Macmillan & Creelman, 1991) has been of central importance in the development of psychophysics and other areas of psychology. The theory has recently been challenged by Balakrishnan ...
Michel Treisman (Psychon Bull Rev, 200212)
signal-detection-theory-fundamentally-flawed-response-balakrishnan--.asp

559.

Fruits and vegetables categorized: an application of the generalized context model.

In the study reported in this paper, we investigated the categorization of well-known and novel food items in the categories fruits and vegetables. Predictions based on Nosofskys (1984,1986) generalized context model (GCM), on a multiplicative-similarity ...
Tim Smits, Gert Storms, Yves Rosseel, Paul De Boeck (Psychon Bull Rev, 200212)
fruits-vegetables-categorized-application-generalized-context-model.asp

560.

Convergence and divergence in spouses perspectives on womens autonomy in rural India.

This study explores similarities and differences in the perceptions of rural Indian women and their husbands with regard to various dimensions of womens autonomy and investigates the extent to which various reproductive outcomes--contraception, unmet ...
Shireen J Jejeebhoy (Stud Fam Plann, 200212)
convergence-divergence-spouses-perspectives-women-s-autonomy-rural.asp