Conditioning, Operant

11.

Operant-contingency-based preparation of children for functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used to study brain function during behavioral tasks. The participation of pediatric subjects is problematic because reliable task performance and control of head movement are simultaneously required. ...
Keith J Slifer, Kristine L Koontz, Michael F Cataldo (J Appl Behav Anal, 2002SUMMER)
operant-contingency-based-preparation-children-functional-magnetic.asp

12.

Regulation of conditioned responses of basolateral amygdala neurons.

The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a component of a system that drives and modulates affective behavior. Some forms of affective behavior are regulated by the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and enhanced by dopamine (DA). By using intracellular and extracellular ...
Anthony A Grace, J Amiel Rosenkranz (Physiol Behav, 200212)
regulation-conditioned-responses-basolateral-amygdala-neurons.asp

13.

Operant variability: evidence, functions, and theory.

Although responses are sometimes easy to predict, at other times responding seems highly variable, unpredictable, or even random. The inability to predict is generally attributed to ignorance of controlling variables, but this article is a review of ...
Allen Neuringer (Psychon Bull Rev, 200212)
operant-variability-evidence-functions-theory.asp

14.

Common processes may contribute to extinction and habituation.

Psychologists routinely attribute the characteristics of conditioned behavior to complicated cognitive processes. For example, many of the characteristics of behavior undergoing extinction have been attributed to retrieval from memory. The authors argue ...
Frances K McSweeney, Samantha Swindell (J Gen Psychol, 200210)
common-processes-contribute-extinction-habituation.asp

15.

Effects on stereotypy and other challenging behavior of matching rates of instruction to free-operant rates of responding.

Research has shown that when individuals are in situations that do not occasion one form of motoric responding, they will engage in another so that the overall level of motoric responding is homeostatic. The purpose of this study was to test whether ...
Jesse W Johnson, Toni Van Laarhoven, Alan C Repp (Res Dev Disabil, 200207-08)
effects-stereotypy-other-challenging-behavior-matching-rates.asp

16.

Computer program to generate operant schedules.

A computer program for programming schedules of reinforcement is described. Students can use the program to experience schedules of reinforcement that are typically used with nonhuman subjects. A cumulative recording of a students responding can be shown ...
Allen H Wolach, Maureen A McHale (Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput, 200205)
computer-program-generate-operant-schedules.asp

17.

5-Hydroxytryptamine and interval timing behaviour.

Interval timing behaviour is revealed by prospective, immediate and retrospective timing schedules. Prospective timing tasks are used to study intertemporal choice (choice between outcomes occurring after different delays), immediate timing tasks to ...
M-Y Ho, D N Velázquez-Martínez, C M Bradshaw, E Szabadi (Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 200204)
hydroxytryptamine-interval-timing-behaviour.asp

18.

Marijuana effects on sensitivity to reinforcement in humans.

Under controlled laboratory conditions, eight adult subjects smoked placebo and three different potencies of marijuana cigarettes ranging in Delta(9) THC content. Immediately following smoking, subjects were exposed to a laboratory task that provided ...
Scott D Lane, Don R Cherek (Neuropsychopharmacology, 200204)
marijuana-effects-sensitivity-reinforcement-humans.asp

19.

Activity in human ventral striatum locked to errors of reward prediction.

The mesolimbic dopaminergic system has long been known to be involved in the processing of rewarding stimuli, although recent evidence from animal research has suggested a more specific role of signaling errors in the prediction of rewards. We tested ...
Giuseppe Pagnoni, Caroline F Zink, P Read Montague, Gregory S Berns (Nat Neurosci, 200202)
activity-human-ventral-striatum-locked-errors-reward-prediction.asp

20.

Possible amotivational effects following marijuana smoking under laboratory conditions.

Human participants earned money by responding on a progressive-ratio (PR) schedule (initial value $50) or received money without responding on a fixed-time (FT) schedule. During the session, participants could terminate the PR schedule and initiate an FT ...
Don R Cherek, Scott D Lane, Donald M Dougherty (Exp Clin Psychopharmacol, 200202)
possible-amotivational-effects-following-marijuana-smoking-under.asp