Conditioning, Classical

51.

Automatic stimulus-response associations may be semantically mediated.

Three experiments on numerical odd/even judgment are presented. In the first experiment, we show that tachistoscopically presented Arabic primes influence the reaction latencies (RTs) to Arabic targets in two ways: First, RTs to targets are longer when ...
Bert Reynvoet, Bernie Caessens, Marc Brysbaert (Psychon Bull Rev, 200203)
automatic-stimulus-response-associations-semantically-mediated.asp

52.

Multiple response measures during classical conditioning.

Animal research assessing multiple responses during Pavlovian conditioning has revealed a dichotomy between the central nervous system (CNS) substrates for somatomotor and visceral CRs. These findings have implications for the study of clinical/applied ...
Edwin D Ayers, D A Powell (J Neurosci Methods, 200202)
multiple-response-measures-classical-conditioning.asp

53.

Toward an understanding of the brain substrates of reward in humans.

A network of brain regions has been implicated in food-reward processing. now provide evidence that this network is differentially modulated by anticipation versus receipt of a food reward and suggest an additional effect of valence of the ...
Dana M Small (Neuron, 200202)
toward-understanding-brain-substrates-reward-humans.asp

54.

The role of awareness in Pavlovian conditioning: empirical evidence and theoretical implications.

This article reviews research over the past decade concerning the relationship between Pavlovian conditioning and conscious awareness. The review covers autonomic conditioning, conditioning with subliminal stimuli, eyeblink conditioning, conditioning in ...
Peter F Lovibond, David R Shanks (J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process, 200201)
role-awareness-pavlovian-conditioning-empirical-evidence-theoretical.asp

55.

Cues paired with a low dose of alcohol acquire conditioned incentive properties in social drinkers.

RATIONALE: Drug-related cues may acquire incentive properties through classical conditioning. OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated whether arbitrary stimuli paired with a low dose of alcohol would evoke differential skin conductance, salivary, ...
Matthew Field, Theodora Duka (Psychopharmacology (Berl), 200201)
cues-paired-low-dose-alcohol-acquire-conditioned-incentive-properties.asp

56.

Altered responsiveness to cocaine in rats exposed to methylphenidate during development.

Evidence in laboratory animals indicates that exposure to stimulants produces sensitization to their rewarding effects, a process that in humans would be expected to increase the risk of substance abuse. However, therapeutic administration of stimulants ...
Susan L Andersen, Andreas Arvanitogiannis, Andrea M Pliakas, Celeste LeBlanc, William A Carlezon (Nat Neurosci, 200201)
altered-responsiveness-cocaine-rats-exposed-methylphenidate.asp

57.

Influences of different combinations of conceptual, perceptual, and structural similarity on stimulus-response compatibility.

This study evaluated the hypothesis that an increase in set-level stimulus-response compatibility produces facilitation for congruent mappings and interference for incongruent mappings. The degree of set-level compatibility was manipulated by varying ...
Robert W Proctor, Huifang Wang, Kim-Phuong L Vu (Q J Exp Psychol A, 200201)
influences-different-combinations-conceptual-perceptual-structural.asp

58.

Unawareness is more than a chance event: comment on Lovibond and Shanks (2002).

P. F. Lovibond and D. R. Shanks (2002) suggested that expectancy of the unconditional stimulus and emotional ratings are valid indexes of awareness in Pavlovian conditioning and that participants are aware if they can discriminate the conditional ...
Stefan Wiens, Arne Ohman (J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process, 200201)
unawareness-more-chance-event-comment-lovibond-shanks.asp

59.

Autonomic and eyeblink conditioning are closely related to contingency awareness: reply to Wiens and Ohman (2002) and Manns et al. (2002).

S. Wiens and A. Ohman (2002) disputed the conclusion that Pavlovian conditioning is strongly related to contingency awareness (P. F. Lovibond & D. R. Shanks, 2002) on the basis that an inappropriate definition of awareness was used. J. R. Manns, R. E. ...
David R Shanks, Peter F Lovibond (J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process, 200201)
autonomic-eyeblink-conditioning-closely-related-contingency-awareness.asp

60.

Standard delay eyeblink classical conditioning is independent of awareness.

P. F. Lovibond and D. R. Shanks (2002) suggested that all forms of classical conditioning depend on awareness of the stimulus contingencies. This article considers the available data for eyeblink classical conditioning, including data from 2 studies (R. ...
Joseph R Manns, Robert E Clark, Larry R Squire (J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process, 200201)
standard-delay-eyeblink-classical-conditioning-independent-awareness.asp