Conditioning, Classical

11.

Learning about cues in their absence: evidence from flavour preferences and aversions.

A simple behavioural task may involve the presentation of two or more stimuli. Any learning that takes place in such a situation may be analysed in terms of the formation of an association between the central representations of those stimuli. Presumably ...
D M Dwyer (Q J Exp Psychol B, 200302)
learning-cues-absence-evidence-flavour-preferences-aversions.asp

12.

Functional MRI of human amygdala activity during Pavlovian fear conditioning: stimulus processing versus response expression.

Although laboratory animal studies have shown that the amygdala plays multiple roles in conditional fear, less is known about the human amygdala. Human subjects were trained in a Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm during functional magnetic resonance ...
Dominic T Cheng, David C Knight, Christine N Smith, Elliot A Stein, Fred J Helmstetter (Behav Neurosci, 200302)
functional-mri-human-amygdala-activity-pavlovian-fear-conditioning.asp

13.

Working memory and fear conditioning.

Previous studies of associative learning implicate higher-level cognitive processes in some forms of classical conditioning. An ongoing debate is concerned with the extent to which attention and awareness are necessary for trace but not delay eye-blink ...
Ronald McKell Carter, Constanze Hofstotter, Naotsugu Tsuchiya, Christof Koch (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 200302)
working-memory-fear-conditioning.asp

14.

Asymmetric interference in patterning discriminations: a case of modulated attention.

In sequential training positive patterning hinders negative patterning, but not vice versa. This asymmetry was attributed to interference of two different rules. In a Pavlovian skin conductance response conditioning experiment with humans, we further ...
Ira Ludwig, Harald Lachnit (Biol Psychol, 200302)
asymmetric-interference-patterning-discriminations-case-modulated.asp

15.

Brain activity during expectancy of emotional stimuli: an fMRI study.

We studied the neural activation associated with the expectancy of emotional stimuli using whole brain fMRI. Fifteen healthy subjects underwent fMRI scanning during which they performed a warned reaction task using emotional pictures carrying pleasant, ...
Kazutaka Ueda, Yasumasa Okamoto, Go Okada, Hidehisa Yamashita, Tadao Hori, Shigeto Yamawaki (Neuroreport, 200301)
brain-activity-expectancy-emotional-stimuli-fmri-study.asp

16.

A demonstration of within-subjects latent inhibition in the human: limitations and advantages.

The magnitude of latent inhibition (LI) (a retardation of associative learning due to prior exposure to the conditioning stimulus) was measured in healthy volunteers using both a within- and a between-subjects version of the task. Reliable LI was ...
Nicola S Gray, Robert J Snowden, Michelle Peoples, David R Hemsley, Jeffrey A Gray (Behav Brain Res, 200301)
demonstration-subjects-latent-inhibition-human-limitations-advantages.asp

17.

Buspirone decreases physiological reactivity to unconditioned and conditioned aversive stimuli.

RATIONALE: Serotonergic pathways are thought to be important in mediating the effects of aversive events. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of buspirone, a 5-HT(1A) partial agonist, on habituation and extinction in an aversive classical conditioning ...
Alyson J Bond, Janet Wingrove, Maxine Baylis, Jeff Dalton (Psychopharmacology (Berl), 200301)
buspirone-decreases-physiological-reactivity-unconditioned.asp

18.

Spatio-temporal dynamics of brain mechanisms in aversive classical conditioning: high-density event-related potential and brain electrical tomography analyses.

Social cognition, including complex social judgments and attitudes, is shaped by individual learning experiences, where affect often plays a critical role. Aversive classical conditioning-a form of associative learning involving a relationship between a ...
Diego A Pizzagalli, Lawrence L Greischar, Richard J Davidson (Neuropsychologia, 2003)
spatio-temporal-dynamics-brain-mechanisms-aversive-classical.asp

19.

Appetitive and aversive olfactory learning in humans studied using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging.

We combined event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with olfactory classical conditioning to differentiate the neural responses evoked during appetitive and aversive olfactory learning. Three neutral faces [the conditioned stimuli ...
Jay A Gottfried, John ODoherty, Raymond J Dolan (J Neurosci, 200212)
appetitive-aversive-olfactory-learning-humans-studied-event-related.asp

20.

Functional heterogeneity in human olfactory cortex: an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Studies of patients with focal brain injury indicate that smell perception involves caudal orbitofrontal and medial temporal cortices, but a more precise functional organization has not been characterized. In addition, although it is believed that odors ...
Jay A Gottfried, Ralf Deichmann, Joel S Winston, Raymond J Dolan (J Neurosci, 200212)
functional-heterogeneity-human-olfactory-cortex-event-related.asp