Cognition

471.

Decision making under internal uncertainty: the case of multiple-choice tests with different scoring rules.

This paper assesses framing effects on decision making with internal uncertainty, i.e., partial knowledge, by focusing on examinees behavior in multiple-choice (MC) tests with different scoring rules. In two experiments participants answered a ...
Yoella Bereby-Meyer, Joachim Meyer, David V Budescu (Acta Psychol (Amst), 200302)
decision-making-under-internal-uncertainty-case-multiple-choice-tests.asp

472.

A survey of the quality of web based information on the treatment of schizophrenia and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically assess the quality, accountability and readability of Internet information on the treatment of schizophrenia and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), using a standardized pro forma. METHOD: We analysed the 20 most ...
Stephen Kisely, Greg Ong, Ashish Takyar (Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 200302)
survey-quality-web-based-information-treatment-schizophrenia.asp

473.

How accurate is magnetic resonance imaging of brain function?

Since it was introduced a decade ago, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has come to dominate research on the human brain. However, fMRI maps are based on secondary metabolic and hemodynamic events that follow neuronal activity, and not on the ...
Kâmil Ugurbil, Louis Toth, Dae Shik Kim (Trends Neurosci, 200302)
accurate-magnetic-resonance-imaging-brain-function.asp

474.

Mastery motivation in young children with Downs syndrome: relations with cognitive and adaptive competence.

BACKGROUND: Prior research on relations between motivation and competence have focused on cognitive competence, despite theoretical predictions that mastery motivation spurs behaviour that is effective in meeting the demands of ones environment, i.e. ...
A Niccols, L Atkinson, D Pepler (J Intellect Disabil Res, 200302)
mastery-motivation-young-children-down-s-syndrome-relations-cognitive.asp

475.

Arithmetic calculation, deep inspiration or handgrip exercise-mediated pre-operational active palmar sweating responses in humans.

We examined the effects of repetitive mental stimulation such as arithmetic calculations with sequential subtraction or physical tasks such as handgrip exercise and deep breathing on active palmar sweating responses in humans. Thirty-three healthy, male ...
Masayoshi Kobayashi, Noriko Tomioka, Yoshihisa Ushiyama, Toshio Ohhashi (Auton Neurosci, 200302)
arithmetic-calculation-deep-inspiration-or-handgrip-exercise-mediated.asp

476.

Does active leisure protect cognition? Evidence from a national birth cohort.

Social, physical and intellectual activities are thought to facilitate cognitive performance and slow the rate of age associated cognitive decline, but little is known about this association in younger adulthood. We used multiple regression to test the ...
Marcus Richards, Rebecca Hardy, Michael E J Wadsworth (Soc Sci Med, 200302)
active-leisure-protect-cognition-evidence-national-birth-cohort.asp

477.

Incapacity to give informed consent owing to mental disorder.

What renders some mentally disordered patients incapable of informed consent to medical interventions? It is argued that a patient is incapable of giving informed consent owing to mental disorder, if a mental disorder prevents a patient from ...
C W Van Staden, C Krüger (J Med Ethics, 200302)
incapacity-give-informed-consent-owing-mental-disorder.asp

478.

Association study of a functional catechol-O-methyltransferase-gene polymorphism and cognitive function in healthy females.

Using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, it has been determined, that the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met genetic polymorphism, a functional polymorphism that may affect dopamine metabolism, is associated with prefrontal cognitive function. ...
Shih Jen Tsai, Younger W-Y Yu, Tai Jui Chen, Jen Yeu Chen, Ying Jay Liou, Ming Chao Chen, Chen Jee Hong (Neurosci Lett, 200302)
association-study-functional-catechol-o-methyltransferase-gene.asp

479.

Ketamine and fMRI BOLD signal: distinguishing between effects mediated by change in blood flow versus change in cognitive state.

No human fMRI studies have examined ketamine effects on the BOLD signal change associated with cognitive task performance. We wished to distinguish between effects on 1) cerebral blood flow, with resultant change in BOLD signal; and 2) cognition and ...
Kathryn M Abel, Matthew P G Allin, Katarzyna Kucharska-Pietura, Chris Andrew, Steve Williams, Anthony S David, Mary L Phillips (Hum Brain Mapp, 200302)
ketamine-fmri-bold-signal-distinguishing-effects-mediated-change.asp

480.

Effects of risperidone on psychometric and cognitive functions in healthy elderly volunteers.

RATIONALE: Dementia includes not only cognitive deficit but may also include psychiatric and behavioral symptoms. These psychological symptoms of dementia require specific treatment without deleterious effects on cognitive functions. OBJECTIVE: The aim ...
H Allain, C Tessier, D Bentué-Ferrer, A Tarral, S Le Breton, M Gandon, P Bouhours (Psychopharmacology (Berl), 200302)
effects-risperidone-psychometric-cognitive-functions-healthy-elderly.asp