Cognition

451.

Associative learning and representation. An EPS workshop for N. J. Mackintosh, 9 July 2002.

The papers published in this Special Issue are based upon presentations at a workshop on Associative Learning and Representation, which was sponsored by the Experimental Psychology Society and hosted by Emmanuel College, Cambridge. The workshop ...
(Q J Exp Psychol B, 200302)
associative-learning-representation-eps-workshop-n-j-mackintosh-july.asp

452.

Relation between cognitive function and mortality in middle-aged adults: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study.

An independent, inverse association between cognitive function and all-cause mortality has been reported in elderly cohorts. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the same association exists in middle-aged persons. The Atherosclerosis Risk ...
Valory N Pavlik, Suzana Alves de Moraes, Moyses Szklo, David S Knopman, Thomas H Mosley, David J Hyman (Am J Epidemiol, 200302)
relation-cognitive-function-mortality-middle-aged-adults.asp

453.

Synaptic strengthening and continuum activity-wave growth in temporal sequencing during cognitive tasks.

Sequencing, the distinction between "before" and "after," is a basic feature of cognition, and is exemplified most simply by classical or Pavlovian conditioning. It is generally accepted that such learned behavior is connected anatomically to synaptic ...
Gerry Leisman, Paul Koch (Int J Neurosci, 200302)
synaptic-strengthening-continuum-activity-wave-growth-temporal.asp

454.

Dissociations between implicit and explicit memory in children: the role of strategic processing and the knowledge base.

A review of the literature shows that explicit memory develops substantially from three years of age to adulthood, while implicit memory remains stable across this age range. Previously, this developmental dissociation has been attributed to different ...
Kristina Murphy, Elinor McKone, Judith Slee (J Exp Child Psychol, 200302)
dissociations-implicit-explicit-memory-children-role-strategic.asp

455.

Stereotypes as dominant responses: on the "social facilitation" of prejudice in anticipated public contexts.

This article challenges the highly intuitive assumption that prejudice should be less likely in public compared with private settings. It proposes that stereotypes may be conceptualized as a type of dominant response (C. L. Hull, 1943; R. B. Zajonc, ...
Alan J Lambert, B Keith Payne, Larry L Jacoby, Lara M Shaffer, Alison L Chasteen, Saera R Khan (J Pers Soc Psychol, 200302)
stereotypes-dominant-responses-social-facilitation-prejudice.asp

456.

Cognitive and motivational processes underlying coping flexibility: a dual-process model.

Discriminative facility was proposed as a cognitive process and need for closure was proposed as a motivational process underlying coping flexibility. The dual-process model posits that need for closure influences discriminative facility, which in turn ...
Cecilia Cheng (J Pers Soc Psychol, 200302)
cognitive-motivational-processes-underlying-coping-flexibility-dual.asp

457.

Disentangling weak coherence and executive dysfunction: planning drawing in autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

A tendency to focus on details at the expense of configural information, weak coherence, has been proposed as a cognitive style in autism. In the present study we tested whether weak coherence might be the result of executive dysfunction, by testing ...
Rhonda Booth, Rebecca Charlton, Claire Hughes, Francesca Happé (Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 200302)
disentangling-weak-coherence-executive-dysfunction-planning-drawing.asp

458.

Determinants of health knowledge: an investigation of age, gender, abilities, personality, and interests.

Ten areas of health knowledge were investigated in 2 studies, 1 of college students (N = 169) and 1 of adults from the community (ages 19-70; N = 176). Measures assessed knowledge of aging, orthopedic/dermatological concerns, common illnesses, ...
Margaret E Beier, Phillip L Ackerman (J Pers Soc Psychol, 200302)
determinants-health-knowledge-investigation-age-gender-abilities.asp

459.

A test of the ABC model underlying rational emotive behavior therapy.

The ABC model underlying Elliss Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy predicts that people who think more irrationally should respond to daily stressors or hassles differently than do people who think less irrationally. This study tested this aspect of the ...
Daniel J Ziegler, Yvonne M Leslie (Psychol Rep, 200302)
test-abc-model-underlying-rational-emotive-behavior-therapy.asp

460.

The enactive mind, or from actions to cognition: lessons from autism.

Normative-IQ individuals with autism are capable of solving explicit social cognitive problems at a level that is not matched by their ability to meet the demands of everyday social situations. The magnitude of this discrepancy is now being documented ...
Ami Klin, Warren Jones, Robert Schultz, Fred Volkmar (Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 200302)
enactive-mind-or-actions-cognition-lessons-autism.asp