Cognition

361.

Tape-assisted reciprocal teaching: cognitive bootstrapping for poor decoders.

BACKGROUND: Students who have limited skills in decoding and comprehension and who lack motivation to read present difficulties for practitioners. Difficulties may be compounded when these students lack access to age-appropriate and interesting text and ...
Deidre M Le Fevre, Dennis W Moore, Ian A G Wilkinson (Br J Educ Psychol, 200303)
tape-assisted-reciprocal-teaching-cognitive-bootstrapping-poor.asp

362.

When can a lack of structure facilitate strategic processing of information?

BACKGROUND: Researchers examining the effectiveness of an elaboration strategy (answering why) for learning new information have been concerned with the familiarity of the materials and how that affects learning. It may be, however, that both how ...
Teena Willoughby, Eileen Wood, Erin R Kraftcheck (Br J Educ Psychol, 200303)
lack-structure-facilitate-strategic-processing-information.asp

363.

Comprehension of arithmetic word problems by fifth-grade pupils: representations and selection of information.

BACKGROUND: Understanding word problems leads to the construction of different levels of representation. Some levels specify the elements which are indispensable for solving the problem (problem model, PM) and others specify the agents, actions and ...
Stéphanie Moreau, Danièle Coquin-Viennot (Br J Educ Psychol, 200303)
comprehension-arithmetic-word-problems-fifth-grade-pupils.asp

364.

Making friends with your data: improving how statistics are conducted and reported.

AIM: This paper highlights some of the areas where there are problems with the way that statistics are conducted and reported in psychology journals. Recommendations are given for improving these problems. SAMPLE: The choice of topics is based largely on ...
Daniel B Wright (Br J Educ Psychol, 200303)
making-friends-your-data-improving-statistics-conducted-reported.asp

365.

Association of life activities with cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer disease: implications for the cognitive reserve hypothesis.

BACKGROUND: Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), a good indirect index of cerebral pathologic changes in Alzheimer disease (AD), is more severely reduced in patients with higher educational attainment and IQ when controlling for clinical severity. This ...
Nikolaos Scarmeas, Eric Zarahn, Karen E Anderson, Christian G Habeck, John Hilton, Joseph Flynn, Karen S Marder, Karen L Bell, Harold A Sackeim, Ronald L Van Heertum, James R Moeller, Yaakov Stern (Arch Neurol, 200303)
association-life-activities-cerebral-blood-flow-alzheimer-disease.asp

366.

Beyond phrenology, at last.

Although integration is a widely acknowledged goal in neuroscience, our approach to the function of biological entities often places boundaries that defy integration. Mapping across systems - from the genome to cognitive function - will require ...
Kenneth S Kosik (Nat Rev Neurosci, 200303)
beyond-phrenology-last.asp

367.

Cognitive neuroscience of human social behaviour.

We are an intensely social species--it has been argued that our social nature defines what makes us human, what makes us conscious or what gave us our large brains. As a new field, the social brain sciences are probing the neural underpinnings of social ...
Ralph Adolphs (Nat Rev Neurosci, 200303)
cognitive-neuroscience-human-social-behaviour.asp

368.

What needs to be explained to account for age-related effects on multiple cognitive variables?

Structural equation methodology was used to investigate age-related influences across a number of cognitive variables in 204 adults ranging from 18 to 91 years of age with a hierarchical structure that contained 4 1st-order factors and 1 2nd-order common ...
Timothy A Salthouse, Emilio Ferrer-Caja (Psychol Aging, 200303)
needs-explained-account-age-related-effects-multiple-cognitive.asp

369.

Acute cortisol effects on immediate free recall and recognition of nouns depend on stimulus valence.

The present study investigated the acute effects of cortisol administration in normal healthy male volunteers on immediate free recall and recognition of pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral nouns using a between-subjects double-blind design. Two hours ...
Mattie Tops, Gieta van der Pompe, Daan Baas, Lambertus J M Mulder, Johan A Den Boer, Theo F Meijman, Jacob Korf (Psychophysiology, 200303)
acute-cortisol-effects-immediate-free-recall-recognition-nouns-depend.asp

370.

Efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy in depressive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to review published work for the efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) with simulated ECT, ECT versus pharmacotherapy, and different forms of ECT for patients with depressive illness. METHODS: We designed a ...
(Lancet, 200303)
efficacy-safety-electroconvulsive-therapy-depressive-disorders.asp