Cognition

341.

Preschool childrens reasoning about ability.

Young childrens reasoning about ability was investigated among 155 preschoolers (M = 4 years, 10 months) across 3 studies. Results suggest that preschoolers are sensitive to mental state information when making judgments about another childs ability: ...
Gail D Heyman, Caroline L Gee, Jessica W Giles (Child Dev, 200303-04)
preschool-children-s-reasoning-ability.asp

342.

The effects of group stereotypes on adolescents reasoning about peer retribution.

This study examined the effects of negative group stereotypes on adolescents reasoning about peer retribution. The sample of adolescents was drawn from central and northern Israel and consisted of 2,604 Arab and Jewish students (ages 13-17; grades 7-11). ...
Ronald O Pitner, Ron Avi Astor, Rami Benbenishty, Muhammad M Haj-Yahia, Anat Zeira (Child Dev, 200303-04)
effects-group-stereotypes-adolescents-reasoning-peer-retribution.asp

343.

Known and novel noun extensions: attention at two levels of abstraction.

Two experiments tested the hypothesis that names direct attention at two levels of abstraction: Known names direct attention to the properties most relevant to the specific category; novel names direct attention to the shape, the property most generally ...
Hanako Yoshida, Linda B Smith (Child Dev, 200303-04)
known-novel-noun-extensions-attention-two-levels-abstraction.asp

344.

What ensues from emotional distress? Implications for competence estimation.

Although much is known about what precedes emotional distress, less is known about what follows such distress. The goal of this research was to examine the process by which emotional distress contributes to competence estimation. Children 9 to 13 years ...
Eva M Pomerantz, Karen D Rudolph (Child Dev, 200303-04)
ensues-emotional-distress-implications-competence-estimation.asp

345.

Time perception differences in children with and without ADHD.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to compare time perception in children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with use of a time reproduction task. METHODS: The sample consisted of 60 children (30 with ADHD and 30 ...
Julie B Meaux, John J Chelonis (J Pediatr Health Care, 200303-04)
time-perception-differences-children-adhd.asp

346.

Mother-child conversation and childrens understanding of biological and nonbiological changes in size.

This article explores the ways that mothers and children from primarily middle-income European American backgrounds reason about events in which biological and nonbiological objects change in size. In Study 1, mother-child conversations were examined to ...
Jennifer L Jipson, Maureen A Callanan (Child Dev, 200303-04)
mother-child-conversation-children-s-understanding-biological.asp

347.

Reduced Kamin blocking in non paranoid schizophrenia: associations with schizotypy.

Kamin blocking (KB) is an attentional phenomenon whereby prior learning about a stimulus (A) retards learning about a new stimulus (B) when later presented in compound (AB) with the original stimulus A. KB has been shown to be reduced in patients with ...
P M Moran, M M Al-Uzri, J Watson, M A Reveley (J Psychiatr Res, 200303-04)
reduced-kamin-blocking-non-paranoid-schizophrenia-associations.asp

348.

Natural history of change in physical function among long-stay nursing home residents.

BACKGROUND: Few longitudinal studies exist to guide clinicians or administrators on what functional outcomes can be expected among nursing home residents with different levels of cognitive impairment. Extrapolating from cross-sectional studies or from ...
Eleanor S McConnell, Laurence G Branch, Richard J Sloane, Carl F Pieper (Nurs Res, 200303-04)
natural-history-change-physical-function-long-stay-nursing-home.asp

349.

Decision making in humans: the effect of manipulating the central noradrenergic system.

OBJECTIVES: Damasio has proposed an influential model of human decision making-the Somatic Marker Hypothesis (SMH), where he argues that somatic feedback to the brain influences decision making in humans. It is proposed that when choosing between options ...
R E OCarroll, B P Papps (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 200303)
decision-making-humans-effect-manipulating-central-noradrenergic.asp

350.

The neurochemical hypothesis of theory of mind.

This paper aims to explore the neurochemical basis of the ability to represent ones own or others mental states such as intentions, beliefs, wants and knowledge, an ability often referred to as theory of mind. Based on neurochemical and ...
A Abu-Akel (Med Hypotheses, 200303)
neurochemical-hypothesis-theory-mind.asp