Cognition

291.

The S-S construct of expectancy versus the S-R construct of fear: which motivates the acquisition of avoidance behavior?

The authors provided a differential test between stimulus-stimulus (S-S) and stimulus-response (S-R) theory predictions in regard to the roles that the constructs of expectancy and of fear play in maintaining classically conditioned fear responding ...
William Unger, Ian M Evans, Patricia Rourke, Donald J Levis (J Gen Psychol, 200304)
s-s-construct-expectancy-versus-s-r-construct-fear-motivates.asp

292.

Semantic processing of Arabic, Kanji, and Kana numbers: evidence from interference in physical and numerical size judgments.

Two experiments were conducted with the following objectives (1) to replicate the finding of similar semantic representation of Arabic and written-word (Kanji and Kana) numbers with a direct numerical task, (2) to investigate the automatic semantic ...
Yasuhiro Ito, Takeshi Hatta (Mem Cognit, 200304)
semantic-processing-arabic-kanji-kana-numbers-evidence-interference.asp

293.

Power, approach, and inhibition.

This article examines how power influences behavior. Elevated power is associated with increased rewards and freedom and thereby activates approach-related tendencies. Reduced power is associated with increased threat, punishment, and social constraint ...
Dacher Keltner, Deborah H Gruenfeld, Cameron Anderson (Psychol Rev, 200304)
power-approach-inhibition.asp

294.

A longitudinal study of cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive function in healthy older adults.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline is associated with maintenance of cognitive function over 6 years or with level of cognitive function on tests performed 6 years later in a longitudinal study of healthy older people. ...
Deborah E Barnes, Kristine Yaffe, William A Satariano, Ira B Tager (J Am Geriatr Soc, 200304)
longitudinal-study-cardiorespiratory-fitness-cognitive-function.asp

295.

Recognition memory for hand positions and spatial locations in patients with Huntingtons disease: differential visuospatial memory impairment?

Allocentric and egocentric memory was investigated in patients with Huntingtons disease (HD) and matched controls. Patients with HD and age- and education-matched healthy normal controls (NC) were administered two visuospatial recognition memory tasks, ...
Jennifer Duncan Davis, J Vincent Filoteo, Raymond P Kesner, John W Roberts (Cortex, 200304)
recognition-memory-hand-positions-spatial-locations-patients.asp

296.

Automatic vigilance for task-related information: perseverance after failure and inhibition after success.

In three experiments, the influence of failure and success on persistent automatic vigilance task-related information was investigated. Participants first had to work on a series of synonym selection problems for which negative and positive feedback was ...
Klaus Rothermund (Mem Cognit, 200304)
automatic-vigilance-task-related-information-perseverance-after.asp

297.

Modafinil affects mood, but not cognitive function, in healthy young volunteers.

Modafinil is a selective wakefulness-promoting agent with beneficial effects in narcolepsy and conditions of sleep deprivation. In a double-blind study we examined its effects in 30 healthy, non sleep-deprived students (19 men and 11 women, aged 19-23 ...
Delia C Randall, John M Shneerson, Komal K Plaha, Sandra E File (Hum Psychopharmacol, 200304)
modafinil-affects-mood-not-cognitive-function-healthy-young-volunteers.asp

298.

Brain glucose metabolic changes associated with neuropsychological improvements after 4 months of treatment in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to elucidate regional brain metabolic changes according to a treatment and their relationship with neuropsychological performance changes in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHOD: Cerebral glucose metabolic rates ...
D-H Kang, J S Kwon, J-J Kim, T Youn, H-J Park, M S Kim, D S Lee, M C Lee (Acta Psychiatr Scand, 200304)
brain-glucose-metabolic-changes-associated-neuropsychological.asp

299.

The ketogenic diet for the treatment of epilepsy: a challenge for nutritional neuroscientists.

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate, adequate-protein diet that has been used for more than eight decades for the treatment of refractory epilepsy in children. Despite this long history, the mechanisms by which the KD exerts its ...
Carl E Stafstrom, Kristopher J Bough (Nutr Neurosci, 200304)
ketogenic-diet-treatment-epilepsy-challenge-nutritional.asp

300.

Clinical and neurobiological effects of tianeptine and paroxetine in major depression.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely used as effective pharmacological agents to treat depressive disorders. In contrast to the SSRIs, which block the presynaptic serotonin (5-HT) transporter and by this route increase the ...
Thomas Nickel, Annette Sonntag, Julia Schill, Astrid W Zobel, Nibal Ackl, Alexander Brunnauer, Harald Murck, Marcus Ising, Alexander Yassouridis, Axel Steiger, Josef Zihl, Florian Holsboer (J Clin Psychopharmacol, 200304)
clinical-neurobiological-effects-tianeptine-paroxetine-major.asp