Cognition

21.

Expertise and the evolution of consciousness.

This paper argues that expertise can be used as an indicator of consciousness in humans and other animals. The argument is based on the following observations: (1) expertise and skill acquisition require deliberate practice; and (2) the characteristics ...
Matt J Rossano (Cognition, 200310)
expertise-evolution-consciousness.asp

22.

The treatment of Alzheimers disease: success short of cure.

Metaphor has an important role in the discussion of scientific discovery because it enables researchers to talk about things of which their understanding is incomplete. Alzheimers disease (AD) can be seen as a journey down a path, which becomes steadily ...
Kenneth Rockwood, Michael Wallack, Raymond Tallis (Lancet Neurol, 200310)
treatment-alzheimer-s-disease-success-short-cure.asp

23.

Late life cognition among men: a life course perspective on psychosocial experience.

This report assesses associations between trajectories of psychosocial experience over the life course and cognitive function in late life men. Survey data from the National Longitudinal Study of Older Men, a community sample of 1835 United States men ...
Richard G Wight, Carol S Aneshensel, Melvin Seeman, Teresa E Seeman (Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 200309-10)
late-life-cognition-men-life-course-perspective-psychosocial.asp

24.

Individual differences in childrens emotion understanding: effects of age and language.

Over the last two decades, it has been established that childrens emotion understanding changes as they develop. Recent studies have also begun to address individual differences in childrens emotion understanding. The first goal of this study was to ...
Francisco Pons, Joanne Lawson, Paul L Harris, Marc de Rosnay (Scand J Psychol, 200309)
individual-differences-children-s-emotion-understanding-effects-age.asp

25.

Efficacy of an evidence-based cognitive stimulation therapy programme for people with dementia: randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: A recent Cochrane review of reality orientation therapy identified the need for large, well-designed, multi-centre trials. AIMS: To test the hypothesis that cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) for older people with dementia would benefit ...
Aimee Spector, Lene Thorgrimsen, Bob Woods, Lindsay Royan, Steve Davies, Margaret Butterworth, Martin Orrell (Br J Psychiatry, 200309)
efficacy-evidence-based-cognitive-stimulation-therapy-programme.asp

26.

Acquiring an understanding of design: evidence from childrens insight problem solving.

The human ability to make tools and use them to solve problems may not be zoologically unique, but it is certainly extraordinary. Yet little is known about the conceptual machinery that makes humans so competent at making and using tools. Do adults and ...
Margaret Anne Defeyter, Tim P German (Cognition, 200309)
acquiring-understanding-design-evidence-children-s-insight-problem.asp

27.

Visual, cognitive, and language assessments at 39 months: a follow-up study of children fed formulas containing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to 1 year of age.

OBJECTIVE: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids found in breast milk and recently added to infant formulas. Their importance in infant nutrition was recognized by the rapid accretion of these ...
Nancy Auestad, David T Scott, Jeri S Janowsky, Cynthia Jacobsen, Robin E Carroll, Michael B Montalto, Robin Halter, Wenzi Qiu, Joan R Jacobs, William E Connor, Sonja L Connor, James A Taylor, Martha Neuringer, Kathleen M Fitzgerald, Robert T Hall (Pediatrics, 200309)
visual-cognitive-language-assessments-months-follow-up-study.asp

28.

Identity and expression memory for happy and angry faces in social anxiety.

We examined the influence of social anxiety on memory for both identity and emotional expressions of unfamiliar faces. Participants high and low in social anxiety were presented with happy and angry faces and were later asked to recognise the same faces ...
Arnaud DArgembeau, Martial Van der Linden, Anne-Marie Etienne, Christine Comblain (Acta Psychol (Amst), 200309)
identity-expression-memory-happy-angry-faces-social-anxiety.asp

29.

Culture and point of view.

East Asians and Westerners perceive the world and think about it in very different ways. Westerners are inclined to attend to some focal object, analyzing its attributes and categorizing it in an effort to find out what rules govern its behavior. Rules ...
Richard E Nisbett, Takahiko Masuda (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 200309)
culture-point-view.asp

30.

Glutamatergic systems in Alzheimers disease.

Glutamate is the major transmitter of the brain and is involved in all aspects of cognitive function since it is the transmitter of cortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurones. Furthermore, glutamate and glutamate receptors are involved in long-term ...
Paul T Francis (Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 200309)
glutamatergic-systems-alzheimer-s-disease.asp