Cognition

271.

Cerebral activation in abstinent ecstasy (MDMA) users during a working memory task: a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study.

The popular recreational drug ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine=MDMA and related congeners) is neurotoxic upon central serotonergic systems in animal studies. So far, the most convincing evidence for neurotoxicity-related functional deficits in ...
Jörg Daumann, Bruno Fimm, Klaus Willmes, Armin Thron, Euphrosyne Gouzoulis-Mayfrank (Brain Res Cogn Brain Res, 200305)
cerebral-activation-abstinent-ecstasy-mdma-users-working-memory-task.asp

272.

The potential role of cotinine in the cognitive and neuroprotective actions of nicotine.

Cotinine is a primary metabolite of nicotine that has been suggested in many studies in animals and in humans to exert measurable effects on aspects of on-going behavior or on cognitive function. Much of the interest in cotinine derives from its long ...
Jerry J Buccafusco, Alvin V Terry (Life Sci, 200305)
potential-role-cotinine-cognitive-neuroprotective-actions-nicotine.asp

273.

Experienced and less-experienced nurses diagnostic reasoning: implications for fostering students critical thinking.

PURPOSE: To compare the use of mental representations (heuristics) in diagnostic reasoning of expert (> or = 5 years experience) and novice (< 5 years experience) emergency nurses. METHODS: Clinical simulations were completed by a nationwide randomly ...
Catherine G Ferrario (Int J Nurs Terminol Classif, 200304-06)
experienced-less-experienced-nurses-diagnostic-reasoning-implications.asp

274.

The effects of chronic aircraft noise exposure on childrens cognition and health: 3 field studies.

This article provides a review of three of the most important field studies to have examined the non-auditory effects of chronic aircraft noise exposure on childrens cognition and health. The design of each of the studies is outlined, relevant ...
M P Matheson, S A Stansfeld, M M Haines (Noise Health, 200304-06)
effects-chronic-aircraft-noise-exposure-children-s-cognition-health-.asp

275.

The mental representation of ordinal sequences is spatially organized.

In the domain of numbers the existence of spatial components in the representation of numerical magnitude has been convincingly demonstrated by an association between number magnitude and response preference with faster left- than right-hand responses ...
Wim Gevers, Bert Reynvoet, Wim Fias (Cognition, 200304)
mental-representation-ordinal-sequences-spatially-organized.asp

276.

Clinical recovery in cognitive functioning and self-image among adolescents with major depressive disorder and conduct disorder during psychiatric inpatient care.

This prospective study examined psychosocial and cognitive functioning among adolescents with major depressive disorder and conduct disorder under comprehensive psychiatric inpatient care. Nonverbal and general cognitive performance, self-image, and ...
Ulla Hintikka, Heimo Viinamäki, Mirjami Pelkonen, Jukka Hintikka, Eila Laukkanen, Veijo Korhonen, Johannes Lehtonen (Am J Orthopsychiatry, 200304)
clinical-recovery-cognitive-functioning-self-image-adolescents-major.asp

277.

Drug therapy of frontotemporal dementia.

Frontal lobe dementia, or more generally frontotemporal dementia (FTD), includes several clinical entities and, although highly prevalent, lacks any codified therapeutic strategy. The present review is an attempt to depict the main neurochemical ...
Hervé Allain, Danièle Bentué-Ferrer, Olivier Tribut, Marc Mérienne, Serge Belliard (Hum Psychopharmacol, 200304)
drug-therapy-frontotemporal-dementia.asp

278.

The efficacy of galantamine in the treatment of Alzheimers disease: comparison of patients previously treated with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors to patients with no prior exposure.

BACKGROUND: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) can provide benefits at the cognitive, behavioral, and functional levels to patients with Alzheimers disease (AD). With more AChEIs now available, treatment considerations may include whether the ...
J E Mintzer, P Kershaw (Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 200304)
efficacy-galantamine-treatment-alzheimer-s-disease-comparison.asp

279.

Predicting the practice effects on the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) function of fMRI in a symbolic manipulation task.

Based on adaptive control of thought-rational (ACT-R), a cognitive architecture for cognitive modeling, researchers have developed an information-processing model to predict the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) response of functional MRI in ...
Yulin Qin, Myeong-Ho Sohn, John R Anderson, V Andrew Stenger, Kate Fissell, Adam Goode, Cameron S Carter (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 200304)
predicting-practice-effects-blood-oxygenation-level-dependent-bold.asp

280.

Cognitive functions and sex steroids.

In humans, levels of adrenal (DHEA(S)) and gonadal (estradiol, testosterone) sex steroids decline with age. Studies in rodents have demonstrated that these hormones can have neuro-excitatory and neuro-protective effects in the central nervous system ...
O T Wolf (Ann Endocrinol (Paris), 200304)
cognitive-functions-sex-steroids.asp