Cognition

191.

A field study of frame-of-reference effects on personality test validity.

As part of a test validation study at a major U.S.-based airline, the authors tested the effects of providing an "at work" frame-of-reference on the validity of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory among a sample of customer service supervisors (N = 206). ...
John M Hunthausen, Donald M Truxillo, Talya N Bauer, Leslie B Hammer (J Appl Psychol, 200306)
field-study-frame-reference-effects-personality-test-validity.asp

192.

When opportunity knocks: bottom-up priming of goals by means and its effects on self-regulation.

Four studies using general attribute goals or specific task goals revealed that attainment means cognitively activate the goals they are perceived to serve. A range of means replicated this effect including goal-directed activities, specific behavioral ...
James Y Shah, Arie W Kruglanski (J Pers Soc Psychol, 200306)
opportunity-knocks-bottom-up-priming-goals-means-effects-self.asp

193.

My head says yes but my heart says no: cognitive and affective attraction as a function of similarity to the ideal self.

The authors hypothesized that similarity to the ideal self (IS) simultaneously generates attraction and repulsion. Attraction research has suggested that a person likes individuals who are similar to his or her IS. Social comparison research has ...
Kenneth C Herbst, Lowell Gaertner, Chester A Insko (J Pers Soc Psychol, 200306)
my-head-says-yes-my-heart-says-cognitive-affective-attraction.asp

194.

Using social cognitive theory to explain discretionary, "leisure-time" physical exercise among high school students.

PURPOSE: To examine whether knowledge of high school students actions of self-regulation, and perceptions of self-efficacy to overcome exercise barriers, social situation, and outcome expectation will predict non-school related moderate and vigorous ...
Eric R Winters, Rick L Petosa, Thomas E Charlton (J Adolesc Health, 200306)
social-cognitive-theory-explain-discretionary-leisure-time-physical.asp

195.

The impact of drugs against dementia on cognition in aging and mild cognitive impairment.

OBJECTIVE: To define the actual knowledge of the impact of drugs for the treatment of dementia on the improvement of cognition in aging and mild cognitive impairment. METHOD: We conducted a Medline search for studies with the parameters drug and ...
R Ihl (Pharmacopsychiatry, 200306)
impact-drugs-against-dementia-cognition-aging-mild-cognitive.asp

196.

Structuring information interfaces for procedural learning.

Interface design should be informed by the application of top-down cognitive principles derived from basic theory and research. Cognitive design principles from 2 domains, event cognition and media, were applied to the design of interfaces for teaching ...
Jeffrey M Zacks, Barbara Tversky (J Exp Psychol Appl, 200306)
structuring-information-interfaces-procedural-learning.asp

197.

Neuroactive steroids: new biomarkers of cognitive aging.

Intensive studies in animals established that neuroactive steroids display neuronal actions and influence behavioral functions. We describe here investigations on the role of neuroactive steroids in learning and memory processes during aging and suggest ...
Monique Vallée, Robert H Purdy, Willy Mayo, George F Koob, Michel Le Moal (J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 200306)
neuroactive-steroids-new-biomarkers-cognitive-aging.asp

198.

Learning to control brain rhythms: making a brain-computer interface possible.

The ability to control electroencephalographic rhythms and to map those changes to the actuation of mechanical devices provides the basis for an assistive brain-computer interface (BCI). In this study, we investigate the ability of subjects to manipulate ...
Jaime A Pineda, David S Silverman, Andrey Vankov, John Hestenes (IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng, 200306)
learning-control-brain-rhythms-making-brain-computer-interface.asp

199.

Associations of biomarkers, cognition and self-reports of sensory function with self-reported driving behaviour and confidence.

BACKGROUND: Older adults report self-regulating their driving habits but little is known about factors associated with driving habits and driving confidence. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate cognitive performance, biomarkers and self-reported sensory ...
Kaarin J Anstey, Glen A Smith (Gerontology, 200305-06)
associations-biomarkers-cognition-self-reports-sensory-function-self.asp

200.

Sexuality in the nursing home, part 1: attitudes and barriers to sexual expression.

Sexuality is a basic human need that begins at birth and continues throughout life. The sexual needs of the elderly are similar to those of the young, but with variations in frequency, intensity, and mode of expression. Regardless of age, every ...
Ramzi R Hajjar, Hosam K Kamel (J Am Med Dir Assoc, 200305-06)
sexuality-nursing-home-part-attitudes-barriers-sexual-expression.asp