Cognition

141.

Grouping and gambling: a Gestalt approach to understanding the gamblers fallacy.

The gamblers fallacy was examined in terms of grouping processes. The gamblers fallacy is the tendency to erroneously believe that for independent events, recent or repeated instances of an outcome (e.g., a series of "heads" when flipping a coin) will ...
Christopher J R Roney, Lana M Trick (Can J Exp Psychol, 200306)
grouping-gambling-gestalt-approach-understanding-gambler-s-fallacy.asp

142.

Multiple study trials and judgments of learning.

We compared judgments of learning (JOLs) that were made either (a) after 1 study trial, (b) 2 study trials, or (c) in-between the 1st and 2nd study trials. In regard to the absolute accuracy of JOLs at predicting subsequent recall, we replicated previous ...
Martijn Meeter, Thomas O Nelson (Acta Psychol (Amst), 200306)
multiple-study-trials-judgments-learning.asp

143.

The costs of doing two things at once for young and older adults: talking while walking, finger tapping, and ignoring speech or noise.

Young and older adults provided language samples in response to questions while walking, finger tapping, and ignoring speech or noise. The language samples were scored on 3 dimensions: fluency, complexity, and content. The hypothesis that working memory ...
Susan Kemper, Ruth E Herman, Cindy H T Lian (Psychol Aging, 200306)
costs-doing-two-things-once-young-older-adults-talking-walking-finger.asp

144.

Environmental support promotes expertise-based mitigation of age differences on pilot communication tasks.

The authors investigated whether expertise is more likely to mitigate age declines when experts rely on environmental support in a pilot/Air Traffic Control (ATC) communication task. Pilots and nonpilots listened to ATC messages that described a route ...
Daniel G Morrow, Heather E Ridolfo, William E Menard, Adam Sanborn, Elizabeth A L Stine-Morrow, Cliff Magnor, Larry Herman, Thomas Teller, David Bryant (Psychol Aging, 200306)
environmental-support-promotes-expertise-based-mitigation-age.asp

145.

Evaluating the interdependence of aging-related changes in visual and auditory acuity, balance, and cognitive functioning.

High proportions of shared age-related variance are found among measures of perceptual acuity, balance, muscle strength, and cognitive capabilities in age-heterogeneous, cross-sectional studies. Reliance on cross-sectional studies is problematic, ...
Scott M Hofer, Stig Berg, Pertti Era (Psychol Aging, 200306)
evaluating-interdependence-aging-related-changes-visual-auditory.asp

146.

Explicit and implicit processes in multicue judgment.

In two experiments, a multicue probability learning task was used to train participants in relating judgments to a criterion, on the basis of several cues that could or could not be relevant. The outcome feedback had 25% added noise to simulate ...
Jonathan St B T Evans, John Clibbens, Allegra Cattani, Anita Harris, Ian Dennis (Mem Cognit, 200306)
explicit-implicit-processes-multicue-judgment.asp

147.

A brief neuropsychological testing battery for evaluating patients with schizophrenia.

Current conceptualizations of schizophrenia include neurocognitive impairment, particularly in aspects of attention, memory, and executive functioning. Evaluation of these cognitive abilities typically involves use of comprehensive batteries which may ...
Robert M Savage, Warren T Jackson, Choun M Sourathathone (Community Ment Health J, 200306)
brief-neuropsychological-testing-battery-evaluating-patients.asp

148.

Inference suppression and semantic memory retrieval: every counterexample counts.

Reasoning with conditionals involving causal content is known to be affected by retrieval of counterexamples from semantic memory. In this study we examined the characteristics of this search process in everyday conditional reasoning. In Experiment 1 we ...
Wim De Neys, Walter Schaeken, Géry dYdewalle (Mem Cognit, 200306)
inference-suppression-semantic-memory-retrieval-every-counterexample.asp

149.

Doing as they are told and telling it like it is: self-reports in mental arithmetic.

Adults (n=64) solved single-digit multiplication problems under both speed and accuracy instructions. Half also provided self-reports of their solutions to the problems. The participants with relatively low levels of arithmetic fluency were most ...
Brenda L Smith-Chant, Jo-Anne LeFevre (Mem Cognit, 200306)
doing-told-telling-like-self-reports-mental-arithmetic.asp

150.

Expecting gender: an event related brain potential study on the role of grammatical gender in comprehending a line drawing within a written sentence in Spanish.

Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were used to examine the role of grammatical gender in written sentence comprehension. Native Spanish speakers read sentences in which a drawing depicting a target noun was either congruent or incongruent with ...
Nicole Y Y Wicha, Eva M Moreno, Marta Kutas (Cortex, 200306)
expecting-gender-event-related-brain-potential-study-role-grammatical.asp