Cognition

101.

Learning myopia: an adaptive recency effect in category learning.

Recency effects (REs) have been well established in memory and probability learning paradigms but have received little attention in category earning research. Extant categorization models predict REs to be unaffected by learning, whereas a functional ...
Matt Jones, Winston R Sieck (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn, 200307)
learning-myopia-adaptive-recency-effect-category-learning.asp

102.

Development of categorization and reasoning in the natural world: novices to experts, naive similarity to ecological knowledge.

Two experiments investigate the role of similarity and causal-ecological knowledge in expert and novice categorization and reasoning. In Experiment 1, university undergraduates and commercial fishermen sorted marine creatures into groups; although there ...
Patrick Shafto, John D Coley (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn, 200307)
development-categorization-reasoning-natural-world-novices-experts.asp

103.

Context-gated knowledge partitioning in categorization.

According to the knowledge partitioning framework, people sometimes master complex tasks by creating multiple independent parcels of partial knowledge. Research has shown that knowledge parcels may contain mutually contradictory information, and that ...
Lee-Xieng Yang, Stephan Lewandowsky (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn, 200307)
context-gated-knowledge-partitioning-categorization.asp

104.

The meaning(s) of conditionals: conditional probabilities, mental models, and personal utilities.

Five experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that people understand conditional statements ("if p then q") as indicating a high conditional probability P(q/p). Participants estimated the probability that a given conditional is true (Experiments ...
Klaus Oberauer, Oliver Wilhelm (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn, 200307)
meaning-s-conditionals-conditional-probabilities-mental-models.asp

105.

Lateralized cognitive processes and lateralized task control in the human brain.

The principles underlying human hemispheric specialization are poorly understood. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging of letter and visuospatial decision tasks with identical word stimuli to address two unresolved problems. First, hemispheric ...
Klaas E Stephan, John C Marshall, Karl J Friston, James B Rowe, Afra Ritzl, Karl Zilles, Gereon R Fink (Science, 200307)
lateralized-cognitive-processes-lateralized-task-control-human-brain.asp

106.

What we dont know about the brain and hypnosis, but need to: a view from the Buckhorn Inn.

Based on reflections on the University of Tennessee Conference on Brain Imaging and Hypnosis, the authors point the field of hypnosis toward a new generation of research that can successfully coordinate multiple methods of inquiry and effectively connect ...
Erik Z Woody, Kevin M McConkey (Int J Clin Exp Hypn, 200307)
don-t-know-brain-hypnosis-need-view-buckhorn-inn.asp

107.

The emergence of abstract ideas: evidence from networks and babies.

What is abstraction? In our view, abstraction is generalization. Specifically, we propose that abstract concepts emerge as the natural product of associative learning and generalization by similarity. We support this proposal by presenting evidence for ...
Eliana Colunga, Linda B Smith (Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 200307)
emergence-abstract-ideas-evidence-networks-babies.asp

108.

ERP and behavioral evidence of individual differences in metaphor comprehension.

In two experiments, we examined individual differences in metaphor processing. In Experiment 1, the subjects judged the literal truth of literal, metaphorical, and scrambled sentences. Overall, metaphors were more difficult to judge as false, in ...
Victoria A Kazmerski, Dawn G Blasko, Banchiamlack G Dessalegn (Mem Cognit, 200307)
erp-behavioral-evidence-individual-differences-metaphor-comprehension.asp

109.

Effects of divided attention and speeded responding on implicit and explicit retrieval of artificial grammar knowledge.

The artificial grammar (AG) learning literature (see, e.g., Mathews et al., 1989; Reber, 1967) has relied heavily on a single measure of implicitly acquired knowledge. Recent work comparing this measure (string classification) with a more indirect ...
Shaun Helman, Dianne C Berry (Mem Cognit, 200307)
effects-divided-attention-speeded-responding-implicit-explicit.asp

110.

Phonological and visual working memory in mental addition.

The goal of the present research was to examine the role of working memory in mental arithmetic. Adults (n = 96) solved multidigit arithmetic problems (e.g., 52 + 3; 3 + 52) alone and in combination with either a phonological memory load (i.e., nonwords, ...
Patricia L Trbovich, Jo-Anne LeFevre (Mem Cognit, 200307)
phonological-visual-working-memory-mental-addition.asp