Association Learning

71.

A review of recent developments in research and theories on human contingency learning.

Over the past 20 years, human contingency learning has resurfaced as an important topic within experimental psychology. This renewed interest was sparked mainly by the proposal that associative models of Pavlovian conditioning might also apply to human ...
Jan De Houwer, Tom Beckers (Q J Exp Psychol B, 200210)
review-recent-developments-research-theories-human-contingency.asp

72.

Mechanisms of predictive and diagnostic causal induction.

In predictive causal inference, people reason from causes to effects, whereas in diagnostic inference, they reason from effects to causes. Independently of the causal structure of the events, the temporal structure of the information provided to a ...
Pedro L Cobos, Francisco J López, Antonio Caño, Julián Almaraz, David R Shanks (J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process, 200210)
mechanisms-predictive-diagnostic-causal-induction.asp

73.

Word frequency and receiver operating characteristic curves in recognition memory: evidence for a dual-process interpretation.

Dual-process models of the word-frequency mirror effect posit that low-frequency words are recollected more often than high-frequency words, producing the hit rate differences in the word-frequency effect, whereas high-frequency words are more familiar, ...
Jason Arndt, Lynne M Reder (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn, 200209)
word-frequency-receiver-operating-characteristic-curves-recognition.asp

74.

Latent inhibition in human affective learning.

This study presents the results of a new visual procedure designed to generate affective learning, namely the change in the affective rating of a previously neutral stimulus by simply pairing it with a liked or disliked stimulus. Specifically, an ...
Estrella Díaz, L Gonzalo De la Casa (Emotion, 200209)
latent-inhibition-human-affective-learning.asp

75.

Retrieval of relational information: a role for the left inferior prefrontal cortex.

Neuroimaging studies have implicated different areas of prefrontal cortex and medial temporal lobe structures (MTL) in episodic retrieval tasks. However, the role of specific regions in particular aspects of episodic memory is still unclear. In this ...
Rajendra D Badgaiyan, Daniel L Schacter, Nathaniel M Alpert (Neuroimage, 200209)
retrieval-relational-information-role-left-inferior-prefrontal-cortex.asp

76.

Learning where to look for danger: integrating affective and spatial information.

Although not previously addressed by researchers of spatial cognition or affect, the combination of spatial and affective information is essential for many approach and avoidance behaviors, and thus for survivaL We provide the first evidence that through ...
L Elizabeth Crawford, John T Cacioppo (Psychol Sci, 200209)
learning-where-look-danger-integrating-affective-spatial-information.asp

77.

Specificity of conditional associative-learning deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and non-OCD anxiety disorders.

The acquisition of conditional associations using neutral and disease-related nouns was studied in 15 inpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), 15 inpatients with non-OCD anxiety disorders and 15 chronic pain inpatients. Patients were ...
Bernd Leplow, Roy Murphy, Detlev O Nutzinger (J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 200209)
specificity-conditional-associative-learning-deficits-obsessive.asp

78.

The effect of stimulus probability on pupillary response as an indicator of cognitive processing in human learning and categorization.

Stimuli presented with a low probability of occurrence elicit larger pupillary dilations than those presented with a high frequency. Utilizing this stimulus probability effect, we conducted two Go/NoGo reaction time experiments to analyze category ...
Günter Reinhard, Harald Lachnit (Biol Psychol, 200209)
effect-stimulus-probability-pupillary-response-indicator-cognitive.asp

79.

Salient stimuli in advertising: the effect of contrast interval length and type on recall.

Salient auditory stimuli (e.g., music or sound effects) are commonly used in advertising to elicit attention. However, issues related to the effectiveness of such stimuli are not well understood. This research examines the ability of a salient auditory ...
G Douglas Olsen (J Exp Psychol Appl, 200209)
salient-stimuli-advertising-effect-contrast-interval-length-type.asp

80.

Psychophysiological and subjective indicators of aversive pavlovian conditioning in generalized social phobia.

Aversive conditioning has been proposed as an important etiologic mechanism in social phobia; however, empirical evidence is scarce and has not relied on a detailed analysis of the acquisition and extinction of the conditioned emotional response.Fourteen ...
Christiane Hermann, Silvio Ziegler, Niels Birbaumer, Herta Flor (Biol Psychiatry, 200208)
psychophysiological-subjective-indicators-aversive-pavlovian.asp