Association Learning

61.

The formation of linked perceptual classes.

Multiple-exemplar training with stimuli in four domains induced two new fill-based (A1 and A2) and satellite-image-based (B1 and B2) perceptual classes. Conditional discriminations were established between the endpoints of the A1 and B1 classes as well ...
Lanny Fields, Priya Matneja, Antonios Varelas, James Belanich, Adrienne Fitzer, Kim Shamoun (J Exp Anal Behav, 200211)
formation-linked-perceptual-classes.asp

62.

Object names and object functions serve as cues to categories for infants.

Can object names and functions act as cues to categories for infants? In Study 1, 14- and 18-month-old infants were shown novel category exemplars along with a function, a name, or no cues. Infants were then asked to "find another one," choosing between ...
Amy E Booth, Sandra Waxman (Dev Psychol, 200211)
object-names-object-functions-serve-cues-categories-infants.asp

63.

Children use whole-part juxtaposition as a pragmatic cue to word meaning.

When parents label novel parts of familiar objects, they typically provide familiar whole-object terms before offering novel part terms (e.g., "See this cup? This is the rim."). Such whole-part juxtaposition might help children to accurately interpret ...
Megan M Saylor, Mark A Sabbagh, Dare A Baldwin (Dev Psychol, 200211)
children-whole-part-juxtaposition-pragmatic-cue-word-meaning.asp

64.

Statistical learning of new visual feature combinations by infants.

The ability of humans to recognize a nearly unlimited number of unique visual objects must be based on a robust and efficient learning mechanism that extracts complex visual features from the environment. To determine whether statistically optimal ...
József Fiser, Richard N Aslin (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 200211)
statistical-learning-new-visual-feature-combinations-infants.asp

65.

Memory for Star Trek: the role of prior knowledge in recognition revisited.

Prior studies have found robust knowledge effects on recall of text ideas but have seldom found comparable effects on recognition. This inconsistency was examined in light of recent research on the component processes that underlie recognition memory. ...
Debra L Long, Chantel S Prat (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn, 200211)
memory-star-trek-role-prior-knowledge-recognition-revisited.asp

66.

On the nature of the decision axis in signal-detection-based models of recognition memory.

Most models of recognition memory involve a signal-detection component in which a criterion is placed along a decision axis. Older models generally assume a familiarity-decision axis, but newer models often assume a likelihood ratio axis instead because ...
Holly E R Morrell, Santino Gaitan, John T Wixted (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn, 200211)
nature-decision-axis-signal-detection-based-models-recognition-memory.asp

67.

Memory seeding: representations underlying quantitative estimations.

N. R. Brown and R. S. Siegler (1996) found that training participants on a subset of country populations improved estimations for novel transfer country populations, an effect called seeding that remained intact over time. They attributed this effect to ...
Nadezhda N LaVoie, Lyle E Bourne, Alice F Healy (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn, 200211)
memory-seeding-representations-underlying-quantitative-estimations.asp

68.

The use of brainstorming for teaching human anatomy.

Interactive teaching techniques have been used mainly in clinical teaching, with little attention given to their use in basic science teaching. With the aim of partially filling this gap, this study outlines an interactive approach to teaching anatomy ...
S Geuna, M G Giacobini-Robecchi (Anat Rec, 200210)
brainstorming-teaching-human-anatomy.asp

69.

Effects of age on virtual environment place navigation and allocentric cognitive mapping.

This study assessed age differences in navigational behavior in a virtual Morris water maze (vMWM) and examined the ability of older adults to develop cognitive maps after vMWM experience. Compared with younger participants, older volunteers traversed a ...
Scott D Moffat, Susan M Resnick (Behav Neurosci, 200210)
effects-age-virtual-environment-place-navigation-allocentric.asp

70.

Backward and forward blocking in human electrodermal conditioning: blocking requires an assumption of outcome additivity.

Blocking was observed in two human Pavlovian conditioning studies in which colour cues signalled shock. Both forward (Experiment 1) and backward (Experiment 2) blocking was demonstrated, but only when prior verbal and written instructions suggested that ...
Chris J Mitchell, Peter F Lovibond (Q J Exp Psychol B, 200210)
backward-forward-blocking-human-electrodermal-conditioning-blocking.asp